Kant and Mills on Capital Punishment Essay - 1609 Words

Kant and Mills on Capital Punishment Capital punishment has raised debate in America since 1608. Both the â€Å"pro-â€Å" and â€Å"anti-â€Å" sides of the issue have strong arguments. Some believe killing is simply wrong, and violates universal human rights, others seek the only justice they deem appropriate, equal justice. I will examine the philosophies of Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill, with regards to their stance on the death penalty. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806- 8 May 1873) was born in London, England. He was a renowned philosopher best known for his interpretation of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism is based on the concept that an actions morality should be judged solely upon its resulting†¦show more content†¦Mill focuses more on the second of the two as the most effective justification of the death penalty. Mill states in his address â€Å"There is not, I should think, any human infliction which makes an impression on the imagination so entirely out of proportion to its real severity as the punishment of death.† Crime in itself causes suffering, to reduce crime by creating a fear of penalty is a utilitarian practice. Mills judges the balance of suffering for the offender too; interestingly he deems death as a favorable alternative to life in prison. Regarding the criminal he says, â€Å"the most that human laws can do to anyone in the matter of death is to hasten it; the man would have died at any rate; not so very much later, and on the average, I fear, with a considerably greater amount of bodily suffering.† Although determining his stance on the matter today you must take into consideration the fact that prisons in the mid-1800 were far less accomodable then they are presently. This brings me to another point, in today’s society prisons are comparably luxurious, prisoners enjoy televisions, three meals daily, libraries, education, and recreational equipment, these expenses are all funded by the greater portion of society, the tax payers. According to the North Carolinas department of corrections website it costs just overShow MoreRelatedTwo Views of Capital Punishment Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment has been a debatable subject for decades. Human thinking often ignores the equal-value relationship when it comes to the taking of life. Attention shifts from the victim’s life to that of the murderer. Immanuel Kant believes that moral laws apply equally, and if someone breaks the law, we should make sure that the law applies to everyone. Otherwise, there wouldn’t be such thing as morality. And without morality, life is meaningless. We should be morally strong and be able to killRead MoreEssay about Kant and Mill’s Positions on Capital Punishment1847 Words   |  8 PagesCapital punishment is most commonly known as the death penalty or punishment by death for a crime. It is a highly controversial topic and many people and great thinkers alike have debated about it. Two well-known figures are Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Although both stand in favor of capital punishment, their reasons for coming to this conclusion are completely different. I personally stand against capital punishment, but my own personal view on it incorporates a few mixed elements from bothRead MoreThe Dilemma Of The Death Penalty1703 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism and Deontology, present arguments in light of both, and proceed to show why Deontology offers the best insights into the justification for the death penalty. The death penalty, also known as â€Å"capital punishment†, is, â€Å"the sentence of execution for murder and some other capital crimes (serious crimes, especially murder, which are punishable by death).† (Death Penalty Law, Law And Legal Definition). The death penalty has existed in America since colonial times; however, attempts to abolishRead MoreThe Argument Of Punishment : Ethical Perspectives1994 Words   |  8 PagesName: Andrew Padrta Course: Ethic Date: 03/21/2016 Punishment: Ethical Perspectives The society generally has established customs and moral imperative to guide the conduct of each member of that particular society. These norms designating certain ways in which people ought to live in the society exist in societal laws and moral prescription. The justifications for the ideal practices in the society have been found in the desire to maintain peaceful coexistence in the society. The extent of freedomRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Death Penalty833 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the controversial issue during our nationwide is death penalty, because it is punishment that carried out against a person condemned of capital crime. Research have shown that â€Å"At least 1,634 people were executed in 25 countries in 2015, also in 2014 Amnesty International recorded 1,061 executions in 22 counties worldwide† (Amnesty International). Also, there are many different philosophical view on death penalty. One of the them is utilitarian philosopher Jermyn Bentham, where he argues thatRead MoreRacism - A History : The Color Of Money1063 Words   |  5 Pageseconomics served as the driving force behind slavery. The documentary highlights that although slavery existed for several centuries prior to the slave trade, the concept of racism is rooted in the enslavement and exploitation of Africans for labor and capital gain. The documentary describes how the British’s development of the transatlantic slave trade for colonial America served as the catalyst for racism, not the reverse. As Professor James Walvin, Professor of History Emeritus at the University of YorkRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of The Death Penalty1814 Words   |  8 PagesUtilitarianism and Deontology, present arguments in light of both, and proceed to show why Deontology offers the best insights into the justification for the death penalty. The death penalty, also known as â€Å"capital punishment†, is, â€Å"the sentence of execution for murder and some other capital crimes (serious crimes, especially murder, which are punishable by death).† (Death Penalty Law, Law And Legal Definition). The death penalty has existed in America since colonial times; however, attempts to abolishRead MoreMoral Theories Of Utilitarianism And Deontological Ethics1266 Words   |  6 Pagesjustifying moral principles. Utilitarianism has been clarified by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Bentham proposed that actions are based upon the consequences (Moreland, 2009), and ongoing work on his theory will help in providing grounds for legal actions. His ideas regarding every human keeping his interests above the interests of others, were further worked by Mill (Sweet, n.d). Utilitarianism tries to improve the moral state of the world for as many people as possibleRead MoreEthics Is The Branch Of Study De aling With Social Principles3917 Words   |  16 Pagesdescribe and to defend utilitarianism. Comparing utilitarianism to intuition, egoism, Kant ethics, and other theories so far, I have no doubt utilitarianism is the best moral theory. My concern in this assignment will be defending utilitarianism and exposing the criticism against common oppositions to it expansion. In addition, I will address and connect utilitarianism to the ethical issue of legal punishment for analysis. I believe utilitarianism is correct ethical theory, because utilitarianismRead MoreCritical Analysis: Death and Justice by Edward Kotch1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Unbiased Truth: An Overview of Edward Koch’s Controversial Essay ‘Death and Justice’ In his essay with regard to capital punishment entitled â€Å"Death and Justice†, which first appeared in The New Republic on April 15, 1985, Edward I. Koch aggressively refutes the claims of individuals who are opposed to the subject matter with seven firm and satisfying points. A native of New York, born 1924, Koch was an American lawyer, politician, political commentator and a reality television arbitrator.

Mexican Immigrants Self Management And Diabetic Control

The foundation of the United States was built on migration. Every year new immigrants are coming into the country. Grieco et al. (2010) stated that in 2012 there were 11.7 million immigrants from Mexico living in America. Diabetes among Mexican immigrants have been increasing over the years, and now have the highest risk of getting diabetes (Barcellos, Goldman, Smith, 2012; O’Brien, Alos, Davey, Bueno, Whitaker, 2014). In regards to this, one hypothesis for the escalation is that later generations of Mexican immigrants, specifically the second and third generations, due to the exposure and overstressed relationship with assimilating to a new culture (Afable-Munsuz, Mayeda, Pà ©rez-Stable, Haan, 2013). It was studied by Afable-Munsuz†¦show more content†¦When it comes to diabetes there are no pros about this health problem for anyone. Conversely, there are many cons to this issues. Most importantly, this disease has many complications, and one major complication i s heart disease (CDC, 2015). Also, individuals with diabetes are fours time more likely to die due to heart disease, and is the top cause of death (CDC, 2015). According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2014), individuals of Hispanic descent have more complications and disability from diabetes, and there is high importance to reduce this among this population. However, another con, is that there is a lack in resources for Mexican immigrants in self-management of diabetes. A study by Schneiderman et al. (2014), found that 47.9 percent of participants did not have health coverage, and 41.3 percent of participants did not know about their diabetes disease. Staggering results show that there is a need for support in various areas in management of diabetes. As a result, my stance on this rising issue, is that diabetes can be managed with adequate resources, education and collaboration, especially in incorporating folk beliefs, that will lead to healthier lives for Mexic an Immigrants (CDC, 2015; Gordon, 1994). Furthermore, two ethical principles that are raised by this health problem are justice and autonomy. Health insurance is a major issue in when it comes to Mexican immigrants getting the proper care they

Night Creature Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22 Free Essays

string(19) " how lonely I was\." I waited for Will to argue, but he didn’t. â€Å"The fewer werewolves for the Weendigo to kill and eat,† he said, â€Å"the less power he accumulates.† â€Å"And if he doesn’t have a hundred by the night of the blood moon, I’d say he’s screwed. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † I glanced at Jessie. â€Å"Works for me,† she said. I glanced at the window. The sun was coming up. â€Å"Too late today. But tonight – â€Å" Jessie nodded. â€Å"Tonight we have some fun.† Neither one of us noticed Will going into the bathroom, but we saw him come out. He held Jessie’s blood-spattered uniform in his hands. â€Å"What the hell is this?† We exchanged glances. I shrugged. He was all hers. â€Å"What does it look like?† Jessie headed for her bedroom. I assumed to get dressed. I know I never like to argue while wearing a towel. Will followed her. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"Relax, Slick; it’s not my blood.† â€Å"I’m so relieved.† He didn’t sound relieved. He sounded pissed. I retrieved my gun and slipped out the door. I didn’t want to listen to them argue. I definitely didn’t want to be around when they made up. Just the thought made my body remember what I’d been doing with Damien about twenty-four hours ago. I wanted to do it again. That I couldn’t only made me want to more. I drove home as daylight burst over the horizon. I enjoyed sunrise, the end of night. All the dangerous beings with fangs gone to sleep or returned to human form. What wasn’t to like? For the first time I could remember, I pulled into an empty parking lot. Where was everyone? I climbed out of the car, taking my guns along. Upstairs I set the weapons on the table, took a quick look-see around my apartment. Didn’t appear that anyone had been in here lately, except for me. I considered taking a shower and climbing into bed. Then I heard the music. The notes flew on the early-morning breeze and shot through my window. Not jazz for a change, but a hoof-stomping country tune. Toby Keith singing about the red, white, and blue. I loved that song. I loved country music. I liked the slow ones and the fast. I liked the easy southern cadence of the words and the long-drawn-out stories they told. Who was playing country music in an empty bar? Only one way to find out. I went downstairs. The door was open. I stepped inside. Half-afraid I’d find Cowboy, I wasn’t any happier to see Damien. Well, who had I expected? Elvis? A huge boom box perched on a table, a stack of CDs at its side. Damien swept the floor with his back to me. I tried to inch out, but he straightened. â€Å"Wait.† Toby was informing the world we’d put a boot in their ass; it was the American way. You can see why I like him. He’s a man after my own heart. â€Å"I†¦ can’t.† I kept moving backward. He turned. The anguish on his face stopped me in my tracks. â€Å"What’s wrong?† He shook his head. â€Å"Nothing. You’re right. You should go.† I should, but now I couldn’t. He was upset. Seriously upset. I’d planned to avoid him, as best I could living in his front yard. I’d definitely decided we shouldn’t be alone together. I knew what would happen if he came anywhere near me. I had no self-control around him. I’d already proven that. But he was hurting, badly. I couldn’t just run upstairs and go to bed. Even if he did turn down the music. I inched closer. Toby wanted to talk about me, I, number one. I wanted to talk about Damien. â€Å"Bad night?† I murmured. He shrugged and returned to sweeping, though the floor seemed pretty damn clean to me. â€Å"Not really. I accomplished what I set out to.† I frowned. â€Å"What? Selling more whiskey than rye?† â€Å"No, more beer than tequila.† I couldn’t tell if he was joking or not. â€Å"Why are you still here?† I asked. â€Å"Nothing better to do.† Damien and I had a lot more in common than I cared for. He glanced up. â€Å"Where did you take off to in such a hurry before?† I’d torn out of here after Jessie’s call, which had followed my horrible daymare. Just the memory of it made me cold and clammy. â€Å"I had to meet the sheriff.† The truth. Wow. I could tell it. The music changed. Toby was done and a sweet, swaying ballad began. Trisha Yearwood wondered how she could live without him. How would she ever survive? I used to love this song as well. Until it hit too close to home. Suddenly Damien stood directly in front of me, without his broom. He was close, invading my space. I took a step back and stumbled over my own two feet. His hand snaked out; his arm pressed against my spine. Now I couldn’t breathe along with Trisha. â€Å"Damien – † I began. â€Å"Dance with me,† he whispered. â€Å"Just once.† I could have refused, should have. But he smelled so good – like wind and trees and summertime, with a hint of tobacco that should have been unpleasant but was, instead, tempting. His skin was warm, his breath balmy against my cheek. When he touched me like this I remembered everything that had happened between us. It had been sex, not love, but I could pretend, and right now I needed to. I melted against him and we began to move with the music. He was a good dancer, unusual in a man his age. My grandfather had shown me the waltz, the polka, the fox-trot. No one knew how to dance like a civilized human being anymore. Except Damien. Someone had taught him, just like my grandfather had taught me. The music swelled, seemed to both surround and fill me. My feet moved next to his in perfect rhythm. As I laid my head on his chest, he pressed his cheek to my hair. I hadn’t realized how lonely I was. You read "Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22" in category "Essay examples" My life was full. Of death, sure, but that’s the way I wanted it. I didn’t have time to miss all I’d lost. Not much anyway. Whenever I did, I moved to another town, shot a dozen more werewolves, and refused to listen to the sobbing little girl in-side of me who missed her mama. I was heap big werewolf hunter; I didn’t get to cry. So why did I want to? Because here, in Crow Valley, I had caught a glimpse of what I lacked. Not only friendship but also companionship, love, sex, anything that made life worth living, except killing – which made me one sick cookie. And I called Hector psychotic. I was being tempted back to another world, and I wasn’t sure I could live in it. Seeing Jessie and Will, so in love, holding Damien close, so sexy and†¦ aroused. I stiffened, but he tightened his arms and wouldn’t let me go. â€Å"Please,† he whispered. â€Å"Don’t leave me yet.† A thick, warm feeling settled just below my heart. I didn’t want to leave. Not him. Not yet. It was daytime. The werewolves were human again. We were safe – for a little while. And I needed him now. Even more than I’d needed him yesterday. I lifted my head. He was watching me with an indecipherable expression on his face. I wasn’t sure what he was thinking. Was I ever? A new song began – a boot-stompin’ two-step. We continued to slow dance as Trisha informed us that her lover could smile like an angel, lie like a rug. â€Å"Too bad you’re no good,† I murmured. Damien’s lips lifted in the closest thing to a smile I’d ever seen on his face. Was that an omen? Suddenly he twirled me out, then yanked me back and started a fancy double-step I was barely able to follow. By the time the song ended I was breathing heavily and laughing. Damien stared at me with an odd expression. â€Å"What?† â€Å"I’ve never seen you laugh like that.† I quit. I had no right to laugh, to smile, or to be happy. He touched the corner of my mouth with his fingertip. â€Å"Don’t stop.† I shuddered, righting the urge to capture his finger in my mouth and nibble. What was the matter with me? Jimmy and I had had sex, and it had been good. Hector hadn’t been bad, either. Well, what did I expect, fucking the Devil? But Damien†¦ Everything about him exuded sexuality. I couldn’t be in the same room with him and not want him – even before I’d had him. Now that I knew what lay beneath those black clothes, I had a hard time remembering why never again had seemed like a good idea. His finger skimmed my jaw, feathered down my neck, slid along my collarbone. â€Å"Damien – â€Å" â€Å"I never should have touched you.† The pain in his voice, on his face, made me go silent. â€Å"It was a mistake. But I can’t help wanting you again.† His hands closed around my upper arms; the grip was just short of painful. â€Å"I don’t care if it’s wrong.† He let his head fall forward until our foreheads touched. His hair sifted over my face and I caught the scent of the trees. â€Å"I don’t care if you shoot me.† His breath tickled the corner of my eye as his hands gentled, and his thumbs stroked the soft, sensitive skin at the inside of my arm. â€Å"I don’t care about much of anything right now except being inside you.† Suddenly I didn’t care about anything else, either. I tilted my head, brushing my lips across his. My tongue flicked out, teasing, taunting, tormenting. He tensed. â€Å"Leigh.† I loved how he said my name. Softly, almost reverently, as if the word were torn from somewhere deep within him. I didn’t want to wait. I didn’t want to think. I raised on tiptoe, leaning into him, my fingers busy with the buttons of his shirt, my palms spreading across his chest, satisfying my desire for warmth, strength, sensation. I needed to feel alive, and in the past two years I hadn’t. Not until I’d met him. As he’d said, it was wrong, but right now I didn’t care. I wanted to feel his life in me, and I knew exactly how. Replacing my hands with my mouth, I kissed his smooth chest, traced my teeth across his belly, laved a circle around his navel. By the time I reached his waist, I’d unhooked his pants. They slid to the floor just ahead of me. â€Å"Leigh?† He came back to himself long enough to reach for me. I batted his hands away and took him in my mouth. I’d never gone dov/n on anyone before, not that I hadn’t heard all about it. I’d been to college. He was smooth, hot, and hard. I roiled my tongue over his tip. He tasted like the earth, the wind, the water. I scraped my teeth gently across his skin. His hands on my head, his fingers threaded through my hair, and he showed me the rhythm. Moaning, he thrust into my mouth, faster and faster. I was so excited, I was afraid I’d be too rough. But that didn’t seem to be a problem. He pulled me away and I struggled to take him back. â€Å"Leigh, wait; we should – â€Å" I licked him. His breath hissed in, sharp and quick. He glared at me. â€Å"Let’s go up to your room.† There was no way I could wait that long. I tugged on his hand until he knelt next to me; then I leaned over and nipped his lip. â€Å"Now,† I whispered. â€Å"Here.† â€Å"Here?† â€Å"You just cleaned the floor, didn’t you?† I startled a laugh out of him. The sound caused my belly to tighten with a hunger that had nothing to do with food. Laughing, he was more beautiful than ever before. I had to have him. Now. Here. I yanked off my shirt, then tore at the rest of my clothes. He didn’t help. Instead he watched. Having his sober hazel eyes drift over me in appreciation was nearly as arousing as the touch of his lips and his hands. Nearly. When he bent and flicked a nipple with his tongue my legs wobbled and I clung to him. â€Å"I can’t wait,† I panted. He moved away, yanking protection from his pants – did he have a spare condom everywhere? – then lying back on the floor. â€Å"Come here.† He held out his arms. I shook my head. â€Å"Why don’t you – ?† â€Å"You’re not lying on the floor. Not with me. Not ever. Come here,† he repeated. From the determination on his face, if I wanted him, I could have him. But only like this. Who was I to argue? I straddled him, took him deep inside. His hands on my hips, he guided me. We were both so close to the edge, it didn’t take long. I watched his face as he came. For an instant I wanted to touch his cheek and kiss the lids of his sad, sad eyes. But I knew better. Then my own release took me, hard and fast, a near-painfui explosion that left me gasping. When I came back to myself I was draped ail over Damien, his body still buried deep within. But that wasn’t the intimacy that made my heart lurch, then thunder. No, it was the way he ran his long, clever fingers up and down my back. How to cite Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22, Essay examples

Googles Issues Of Russian Advertisements †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Google's Issues Of Russian Advertisements. Answer: Introduction In the beginning of October, Google Inc. released its sustainability report of 2016 and it described the year as a landmark year. Google has always been trying to progress on objectives to meet the environmental issues. Google does an excellent job in providing high-speed data solutions to the users and Google uses many cloud platforms that users can utilise technologies. In this regard, each of the organisations has its own responsibility in corporate culture and work. Google as technology giant in technology cannot overlook its approach in mitigating risks in technology. In this report, the case of Google's issues of Russian advertisements on Google will be described. At first, Google was not frank in speaking about Russian ads on Google in a sustainability report. Google was silent on the issue of Russian ads and the process of addressing the solution. This case is related to the business ethics of Google as Google is treated as one of the transparent organisations in the world. Google's sustainable report must have focused about Russian ads issue that was predominant in most of 2016 during Russian election. Google is in an ethical dilemma when other media houses revealed that Russian-bought advertisements were mainly placed on YouTube, Gmail and other Google-based platforms. Businesses must be ethical and it must follow corporate citizenship. Holistic concept of ethical practices of corporate culture follows as for how the company ensures process and policies. In case of Google, most of the stakeholders are not aware of the semantics that Google is using. Google packages its corporate responsibility as sustainability and it proposes corporate citizenship. Users of Google want to know that Google should be more transparent in corporate governance performance and company's social responsibility practices. In the computerisation of digital advertising, technologies are the main responsible for running ads. Technologies and the experts decide in appearing of the ads in web pages. Google has been performing in this field and it is called programmatic advertising. It is billion dollar industry as the internet is one of the vast media that can attract people. Google has its responsibility to maintain corporate ethics in running the ads. Now the fundamental shifting has been noticed in reaching the users. Google decides where the ads will be running and data of audiences decide the factors. However, with great power, there comes great responsibility. Google does not use infrastructure of digital advertising and Google is not managing the inventory that comes enough in making the data available. In case of Russian ads, when people clicked on the advertisement link, it automatically installed on the system of the users. Google tried to remove the ads, however, for a couple of days, it was not possible for them. Google, however, launched an investigation of the Russian ads. It was clear that one Russian firm took the responsibility to influence the people during Russian election. Google could not disseminate misinformation easily when it invaded users systems. Case description Google identified in ad buys by Russian accounts which had used in Google advertisements and YouTube video to spread misinformation about Russian election. These accounts had also been used for sowing the discord in politics of America. Google provides advertisements services and it is billion dollars industry in digital marketing section. Google has been using modern technologies in identifying the accounts which have been posted for the advertisements (Byers 2017). However, some of the Russia based accounts posted misinformation in YouTube and Google advertisements and in DoubleClick platforms in order to push divisive campaigns on various issues like gun rights and race immigration in America. However, Google could not identify the Google accounts which had done the wrong deeds. In the later time, Google team has identified that most of the accounts are related to the Internet Research Agency and it is based on Kremlin-link Troll Farm. Troll Farm is associated with buying ads for social media, Facebook and Twitter. However, in the previous time, Google has averred that it could not find any links of misrepresentation in advertisements and they were unable to find any links (Csrhub.com 2017). However, Google also said that they are not sure about linking with IRA and these accounts can extend beyond the Twitter and Facebook. In case of Facebook, these advertisements reached 10 million people. It has been clear that most of the advertisements reached a maximum number of people. In case of Google, it tries to make transparent in works of business. Google has two separate policies in order to deal with the account creating and for the one who can buy advertisements. Therefore, it gets harder for Google to police accounts that created for advertisements or YouTube campaigns, maybe, these accounts are not paying money to advertise. Google has been facing these issues as people are making free accounts for Gmail activities, however, people are using those accounts to promote their business using those free accounts (Kaye 2017). Moreover, Google spokesperson Mrs Faville rightly opined that Google has policies and limit in political campaigning and religion campaigning on Google page. Like other social networking sites, Google's parent organisation Alphabet had to agree to publicly testify the hearing in front o f House Intelligence Committee and Senate. Facebook identified approximately 470 accounts that shared misinformation of Russian election and religious fervour of American; they demanded that most of the accounts used Gmail to log in to Facebook (Theguardian.com 2017). Google is the one who is to blame by the media as it is the largest online advertisement seller in the world. Google must have a team who can scrutinise the content of the advertisement before it rolls out in public. Google must have the corporate responsibility as it is related to cybersecurity and ethics. Google has more than 40% revenue in digital marketing only in the USA and this is related to YouTube videos and Google advertisements. Google should have tracked the misuse of the platforms and Business ethics should have followed (The Verge 2017). Google demands that it has transparent work culture and it follows corporate responsibility strictly, however, the biased advertisements of politics and religion based ads spread without Google notice. Google investigated the matter and it emphasised especially on the advertisements which cost less than $100,000 (Wang 2017). Google is not sure that all the advertisements came from Troll Farms or it came from a different origin. Some of the media strictly criticised Google and referred that Google does not do scrutiny of the accounts. Facebook published more than 3000 Russian ads publicly and these ads are done by Russian government-affiliated Troll Farm. The incident of Russian ads makes one thing clear that Russian online platform can influence many of the American technology in misleading the online services and platforms. Stakeholders of the Google Inc. are various as they are mainly group based and they share the interest. Google takes corporate responsibilities for the stakeholders. Stakeholders of the Google are users, employees, investors, governments, communities and advertisers and other consumers (Washingtonpost.com 2017). Google is technological giant and it reaches almost all counties in the world. Google's top priority stakeholders are employees as they run the originations. Google takes various measures in order to improve the condition of the employees. Second most important stakeholder of Google is an advertiser. Advertisers are the main sources of Google to generate revenue of the organisation. These stakeholders are mostly interested in having effective services from Google. In this case, Google provides advantages to the advertisers and advertisers are taking this benefit and spreading cybercrime. Business ethics of Google is being violated as corporate responsibility towards the socie ty may not be followed by Google. Google's code of conduct' says don't be evil' and Google's main aim is to provide unbiased access to information to the users. Following the law and regulation in respective countries is important and Google sets high practical and inspirational reasons to be loyal to the users. Analysis of ethical issues In business ethics, there are two types of ethics that are followed in business decision-making concept. In descriptive ethics, it attempts to explain moral systems of societies and groups and it uncovers mainly the moral beliefs of individuals. Descriptive ethics is related to the values, ethical ideas, wrong and right behaviours or actions and moral systems (Crane and Matten 2016). In normative ethics, it is related to main actions that are wrong or right. In this case, Google collects huge amounts of data on the users who use the search engine. Google stores the records of users' search history in order to develop the corporate efficiency. Google keeps the records of the users for more than nine months and then they get deleted. Google became awestruck when it came to know that social networking services and online paid platforms were deeply manipulated by the Russian government. Google asks its employees to follow the code of conducts and Google has its ethics and compliance help line. Google also asks the employees not to violate the laws and regulations. In an organisation, corporate ethics are related to the integrity of employees andmanagement must be honest to deal with the situation. Themanagement has to stand on what is right. Moreover, as opined by Trevino and Nelson (2016),management or board of directors must show respect to employees and stakeholders with fairness and dignity. Ethics is also associated with the employees' accountable for actions and commitments towards the organisation (Fifka 2013). In addition, organisations are treated as responsible citizens and it should follow the rules and laws in each country where it operates. In case of Google, it also follows the rules and regulations; however, it does not keep track of the accounts of the users. The Troll Farm of the Russia used the trench of Googles regulation and misled the people. Organisations try to promote associate awareness and commit to conducting the business in highest ethical standards. Google also follows the compliance policy and adheres to the code of ethics in pertinent regulations and business. Some of the organisations do ethics training for themanagement in order to understand the ethical needs and it is to ensure that organisations should do business ethically. As stated by Bowie (2017), Google prohibits retaliation for any employees who can participate in possible violation and investigation process. Google follows the ethics in serving the users and it provides high standards services to the users. Google has ethics in integrity and users trust the name of Google. Google trusts the users and it strives to earn more trust with communicating with the users. Google also tries to provide services that are useful to the users and Google has various types of users (Leipziger 2017). However, Google should have systems to track the users' activities in order to identify them. Most importantly, Google remembers that they ask for users' information, however, preserving someone's data is related to the privacy policy. Google does not share the data with any third party users and unauthorised access is strictly prohibited. Google follows freedom of expression and it tries to advance in the privacy policy and free of expression. It tries to implement it in the world as it tries to develop it in around the world. Moreover, Google has been facing issues in cybersecurity as responsiveness is needed and strict scrutiny can solve the issue (Ferrel and Fraedirch 2015). User's content and advertisements must come under the vigilance of Google team. In case of Google's incident of Russian ads that reached millions of people. Russian advertiser who bought these ads was connected to the Kremlin. The impact of the significant breach of the regulations posed by Google was on mainly Google itself as from the perspectives of worldwide media; Google is now ethical breached organisation. People now believe that Google's vigilance can be breached easily (Blowfield and Murray 2014). This incident imposed the negative impact on Google as the sustainable policy of Google now is in question and efficiency of Google's team is at stake as Google took a few months to identify the accounts (Weiss 2014). Google took help of Facebook in order to identify the accounts and its link up with Russian agency. Another stakeholder of this incident who has been facing negative impact was American political party for whom these ads were running. Russian Troll Farm proved that Google can be fooled and it was a moral win for them to run the ad campaign withou t notice of the Google. As stated by Hoffman et al. (2014), businesses command huge resources and it can impact on society. Each business has a social responsibility and Google has been following this since long. However, there are grey areas in the business and in this case; management has to provide the best judgement. Incorporate security, the organisation itself does not share any information of the clients. Managers of the business should not make promises to the shareholders in many cases. The primacy of consequentialist ground, as opined by Hartman et al. (2014), firms should be managed in the interest of shareholders, not in the interest of managers' themselves. As stated in the stakeholders' theory, managers should not run the business only on the benefits of shareholders; managers need to make balance in the interests of all stakeholders. Recommendations Business transformation programmes Google is a large organisation and even if it wants to make some organisational changes initiatives, it would not be easy. The company has been following the same Codes of Practices for long and Google can warp ethical climate by putting stress on change the top. Leaders in the Google need to understand the stakeholders' interests and it would be lucrative for them to have business transformation programme. Leaders may have a conflict of interests and some leaders may counter values. In ethical dilemma and breach of ethics that come from stakeholders, Google needs to take strong standpoint and transformation or alteration of policies would be beneficial for them. In order to be the sustainable organisation, Google needs to identify the benefits. The investment, philanthropy and the corporate social responsibility; each part of the business must be highlighted. Google should highlight those issues and business transformation will be successful through these. Engage the stakeholders Google has the corporate responsibility as Google thinks itself as one of the leaders in corporate citizenship. In this regard, stakeholders' engagement is important. In stakeholders' theory, it is mentioned that while making the policies of the organisation, each of the stakeholders' interests should be checked. Stakeholders' may come from different cultures and ethical issues can be profoundly difficult. Stakeholders' engagement makes the communication easy and it can provide benefits to the organisation and also to stakeholders. Russian Troll Farm's ethical breach to Google could be avoided if the stakeholders' engagement was there with the viable plan. Business ethics is basically normative and vast choices of decisions need to take in making an ultimate decision. Google needs to be more transparent in publishing a report to the stakeholders as entire business process and sustainability are prescribed in this report. Google should let the stakeholders know about their expectation s. Establish systems and process Google knows where it stands in the market and it knows what really matters to them. In this scenario, as Google is in the technological field, it needs to improve systems and process. Google's account making system should be more secure. Using Google's accounts, users can easily post advertisements and Google cannot identify the accounts. Google needs to ban the accounts as well as the misrepresented advertisements also. Systems and process of technology and organisation running procedure should be renewed. More transparent and ethical work can be progressed through refurbishing of the systems. Collaboration must be facilitated with an implementation of new initiatives. Conclusion It has been observed that Google did not breach any regulations; however, some weak policies of Google made it easier for Russian Troll Farm to post the advertisement on Russian politics. Google's account making policy should be revised. Google avoided this issue when it published it sustainable report at the end of 2016, however, they should have published this issue and made everything transparent. People should know the actual issue what had happened. Google mainly follow principles of serving the users, respect the stakeholders, preserve confidentiality, protect Google's assets and obey the law and regulations. The Government can also use Google information in order to investigate any case. Moreover, Google makes the free million of books online and many publishers made a lawsuit against Google in digitalising any information. In this way, Google tries to make happy the stakeholders in recent view of corporate responsibility. In this case, Google found out that Russian agents pur chased ads on from wide ranges of a network during 2016 presidential election. The theoretical perspectives of the business ethics are related to the normative ethics and it is regulated as the academic discipline. In business ethics, there are varieties of disciplines that are related to corporate ethics, philosophy, economics, psychology and public policy. In normative ethics, the management of business makes some assumptions in an economic framework. The management makes assumptions that buyers and sellers of any services can mutually determine decisions. In case of Google, allocation of a team with the resources must be done perfectly that should not have any debate that can be misguided. Google is for-profit organisation and it has mainly philanthropic approach in funding new companies and it makes a bond with novel technologies with investors. Moreover, Google Google's lobby Congress makes legislation in favour of the social issues. Google's corporate sustainability cannot be broken in such manner; however, it should make some policies to battle with the risks. Corporate responsibility is s high risk and Google knows that their Code of Conduct may not solve the ethical issues that might come up. In this respect, Google has to tell all the employees being alert in every choice they make. Organisations itself is a moral individual and it describes the moral agency to describe decision-making structure. It is related to the cause-events to happen and the organisation can act intentionally. In order to stop such inconvenience in future, Google needs to modify the Code of Conducts along with the policy. Google's accounts are free; however, it can apply more security inte rface within this. Google can join in any trade association with integrating corporate culture. References Byers, D. 2017.Google has found Russian ads related to 2016 election. CNNMoney. Available at: https://money.cnn.com/2017/10/09/media/google-russia-ads/index.html [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. 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