Living and lifestyle of the People Free-Samples for Students

Question: Compose an article include on making the Contrast between the life in the past in Iraq and living in a create Country like Australia. Answer: Living and way of life of the individuals relies a great deal upon the financial and political states of the nation. There is a huge distinction between the individuals living in Iraq and individuals living in Australia. Iraq is among the most immature districts on the planet; nonetheless, Australia is one of the most evolved nations on the planet. In this manner, the ways of life of the individuals shift a great deal in these two nations. This task features the lives of the individuals in Iraq and the lives of the individuals in Australia. An unmistakable distinction among the ways of life of the individuals living in these two nations has been referenced in subtleties. Dohuk is one of the well known places in Iraq. As indicated by the interviewee, Vyoliat it is an excellent spot, encompassed by mountains and waterways. It is known for its beautiful magnificence. The greater part of the individuals lived in joint families and grew up with kin and cousins. As referenced in the meeting, Vyoliat stated, We were 8 altogether, 4 sisters and 2 siblings including my folks, in this way, I was the most seasoned youngster. This features they lived in large joint families. The joint families included just about 8 to 10 individuals. Subsequently, rather than the idea of family units, the ideas of joint families were generally predominant. The qualities and the way of life of the individuals were extraordinary. The individuals were much rational and had a lot more grounded feeling of qualities. One of the most antagonistic circumstances that were looked by the individuals of Iraq was during the Simele Massacre. Vyoliat said However, the war was called Simele sla ughter which started on August 1933 were a huge number of Assyrian were butchered as Arabian Kurdish powers evaluated the locale of Simele in Northern Iraq. This features an unfriendly circumstance that occurred in the year 1933. The individuals had to desert everything and run for their lives. In addition, the ladies experienced considerable difficulties. The little youngsters and ladies were assaulted and rewarded with mercilessness. They had to walk exposed before the military of Iraq. The individuals were dealt with ruthlessly and were murdered. This was an intense time that the individuals of Iraq needed to confront. They had to move their homes in excess of multiple times, so as to live in harmony. The excellencies, for example, companionship and love had a critical task to carry out in the lives of the individuals. Marriage and sentiment was not a piece of the way of life of Iraq. The young ladies were frequently compelled to get hitched to the man of their folks decision. Be that as it may, later the people who were qualified for marriage began picking their own companion. In this way, one might say that the way of life was a severe one. Australia is one of the most evolved nations on the planet. The way of life of the individuals in Australia is greatly cutting-edge. The individuals favor living in a family unit setting as opposed to living in a joint family. The greater part of the individuals are dealing with Australia, and the moms and grandmas are working individuals. Henceforth, they have restricted chance to go through with their youngsters and grandkids. The estimations of the individuals are a lot of shallow and the kids get less time and consideration from their folks. The way of life of sentiment and marriage is likewise predominant in the way of life of Australia. In addition, the individuals of Australia are a lot of dynamic and their ways of life are a lot of present day and dependent on innovation. The individuals are to a great extent reliant on the advanced advances and less subject to the physical work. In this manner, the lives of the individuals of Australia are smoother, with less of battle. An examination of the lives of individuals of Iraq and Australia features the realities that the lives of the individuals are smooth in Australia than the lives of the individuals of Iraq. In addition, the lives of the individuals of Australia are innovation needy and less of manual work. Nonetheless, if there should be an occurrence of Iraq, the individuals are subject to the difficult work, as opposed to innovation and computerization. In addition, the general public of Australia is a lot of dynamic than that of Iraq. The general public of Iraq is available to wedding their preferred man or ladies. In any case, if there should be an occurrence of Australia, the individuals don't for the most part go into customs, for example, wedding the man or lady of their decision. In this way, one might say that the lives of the individuals in Australia are a lot simpler than that of Iraq. The lives of the individuals of are a lot of reliant on the economy of the nation. This task features the ways of life of the individuals living in Australia just as in Iraq and an away from among the ways of life of the individuals has been featured in this task. References Maguen, S., Hoerster, K.D., Littman, A.J., Klingaman, E.A., Evans-Hudnall, G., Holleman, R., Kim, H.M. also, Goodrich, D.E., 2016. Iraq and Afghanistan veterans with PTSD take part less in VA's health improvement plan than those without PTSD.Journal of full of feeling disorders,193, pp.289-294. Mitchell, R.J., Watson, W.L., Milat, A., Chung, A.Z. also, Lord, S., 2013. Wellbeing and way of life chance variables for falls in a huge populace based example of more seasoned individuals in Australia.Journal of security research,45, pp.7-13.

Strategic Audit

Key Audit Official Summary The worldwide sportswear industry is getting one of the most serious businesses on the planet. One of the fundamental organizations that work in the business is the Adidas Group. The motivation behind this paper is to do a vital review of the Adidas Group.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Strategic Audit Adidas explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The paper has adopted an enhanced strategy of investigation; interior examination and outer examination. Different models of examinations have been applied in the paper, and they incorporate PEST and the Porter’s investigation. The investigation was planned for catching the methodologies of the organization and how they help it to adjust to the serious powers in the business. The discoveries from the examination call attention to that Adidas is as yet serious in the business. The intensity has been improved through spotlight on the worldwide methodology of the executives. Acquainta nce According with Slack (2004), the worldwide games industry is developing at a speedy pace because of commercialization of sports. The quantity of games has been rising every day, subsequently pulling in more individuals legitimately and in a roundabout way into the brandishing business. In the contemporary occasions, the games business has a wide number of partners. The most basic inquiry to pose is the thing that the development of the wearing business infers for the business world. The development of the worldwide brandishing industry has pulled in numerous business players in the donning business by introducing the chance to gracefully the wearing framework and gear. There are a significant number of organizations that bargain in the worldwide donning industry (Andreff Szymanski 2005). Adidas is one of the organizations that have worked in the worldwide donning industry for an all-inclusive timeframe. The Adidas organization is a Germany based worldwide organization that barga ins in the assembling and planning of brandishing product and gear, which incorporate balls, donning outfits and garments, shoes, sports packs, footwear, watches, and eyewear among others.Advertising Looking for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization was established in the year 1920. Notwithstanding, the fundamental activities of the organization can be followed from the year 1948, however there had been a ton of improvements years back preceding the choice to open the organization. The worldwide central station of Adidas are in Herzogenaurach. Adidas goes about as the principle holding organization for the Adidas gathering, which is involved Rockport, Reebok sportswear organization and the Taylor-made Adidas golf organization. The organization is considered as the most prevailing sportswear organization in Germany and the whole Europe, while comprehensively, Adidas is positioned as the second most serious sportswear organization. The organization sells its items in more than 200 nations over the globe. Despite the fact that confronted with rivalry from different organizations on the planet, Adidas has stayed to be extraordinary through the proceeded with show of innovativeness in structure and creation of its items (Bajak 2010). Outer Analysis As referenced before, there is a development in the worldwide brandishing industry, which has pulled in numerous players in the worldwide sportswear industry wherein Adidas works. As rivalry stays with mounting a should continue putting resources into its qualities and breaking point its shortcomings by benefiting from the open doors that win in the business condition. As the worldwide brandishing industry continues growing, sportswear organizations keep coming up in order to fulfill the needs and benefit from the business openings in the business (Slack 2004). Qualities The quality of an organization inside the busi ness lies in a wide assortment of improvements. One of the key business activities that invigorate organization and intensity underway and the market is the brand of the organization. Through the more than 64 years of activity in the worldwide sportswear industry, Adidas has built up a solid brand in the industry.Advertising We will compose a custom report test on Strategic Audit Adidas explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The logo of the organization, the three stripes and the inventiveness of the results of the organization, has given the organization a reverberating name in the business. The organization has set up an arrangement of solid brands in the worldwide market, which causes it to have a more grounded advertise position over the vast majority of its rivals (Motion, Leitch Brodie 2003). Through the solid brand portfolio, the company’s capacity to build up a solid retail impression in various markets is upgraded (Joseph 2013). The brands of the Adid as Group include: Adidas, Rockport, Reebok, TaylorMade and Ashworth. Much the same as Nike, its greatest rival in the market, the logo and nature of items by Adidas gives the organization a serious edge over Nike and different organizations in the business. Through its image, the organization has figured out how to achieve client dependability over a more extensive area of the worldwide brandishing industry. Adidas is considered by numerous individuals as a worldwide brand through its expanded interest in plan and the ensuing creation of high caliber and various items (Braun 2008). Client dependability is a key contributing component to the turn of events and development of the organization in the market. Having figured out how to rule Europe, which is one of the world’s biggest brandishing areas, the organization has figured out how to hold the subsequent situation regarding the worldwide piece of the pie. As toward the year's end 2010, Adidas had a worldwide piece of the pi e of 21%, coming next from Nike which had a normal piece of the pie of 30%. This is viewed as quality since the organization has not slipped from this situation for quite a while, and the level of piece of the pie continues rising (Bajak 2010). Other than being a maker of sportswear items, Adidas likewise adventure into the improvement of sports innovation. This makes the organization come out solid in the market. Through the endeavor in sports innovation, the organization can concoct brandishing instruments and hardware that satisfy the cutting edge guidelines of donning (Bajak 2010).Advertising Searching for report on business financial matters? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More As one of the market heads in the sportswear business, Adidas profits by the economies of scale. The organization delivers enormous amounts of items, which makes it simple to profit its merchandise to a wide market. Through this, the organization places itself in a superior situation to beat other littler organizations in the market. The organization was the fundamental provider of footwear during the 2010 world cup (Bajak 2010). Openings Andreff and Andreff (2009) saw that the creating markets on the planet have been coming up at a speedy pace, which signifies the nearness of another market for the organization. These business sectors are found in Asia, Latin America and Asia, where the donning business is being formed so as to coordinate the wearing business in the United States and Europe. Adidas has been observing the development in the games business in these areas. These areas structure the more up to date showcases for the organization. In the advanced occasions, various organ izations make endeavors to utilize all the plausible way to grow their market base. The proceeded with center around the consolidating markets of the organization has been essential in expanding the income of the organization (Bajak 2010). The proceeded with development in data and correspondence innovation presents a great deal of showcasing open doors for the organization. As a major aspect of the market system activity, the organization is grasping web advertising. Web promoting is one of the foundation of advertising that has demonstrated to be very effective for showcasing improvement in a considerable number of organizations on the planet today (Yaveroglu Donthu 2008). As the new markets create data and correspondence advances, the organization is rapidly coordinating this pace by improving internet retailing, other than the ordinary retailing in these business sectors. Data innovation, social; media, web journals and sites, offers the organization a chance to speak with its c lients, in this way keeping up a sound connection with them (Shimp 2010). Dangers As has been known for quite a while, the nature of the Adidas items is joined by the comparing generally significant expenses. Be that as it may, there is a great deal of legitimization in both the games advertise because of the section of various little players. One eminent thing is that the new players produce comparable items, yet at a low cost. In this way, there is a high danger from the nearness of the expanded section of substitute items in the market. The present droop down of the worldwide economy additionally presents financial dangers to the organization. This issue is aggravated by the section of new organizations in the business, which are exploiting the financial circumstance and the craving of clients to get items at alluring costs (Newbery 2009). In the ongoing occasions, a great deal of worries about fake items have been raised by a significant number of organizations on the planet. Th e sportswear business is recorded among the ventures that are generally influenced by fake items (Organization for Economic Co-activity and Development, 1998). Being one of the main organizations in the business, Adidas isn't a special case. The topic of fake and duplication of Adidas items was raised very some time in the past. As the contemporary business time is set apart by unpredictable business exercises, the organization will undoubtedly lose billions of dollars in the coming a long time because of the expanding accessibility of fake items in the market. As of now, the organization has lost a generous measure of cash because of duplication of its items and the advertising of such items utilizing its brands. The endeavors to counter creation of phony products have not borne positive outcomes yet as there

How Long Does Vicodin Stay in Your System

How Long Does Vicodin Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Opioids Print How Long Does Vicodin Stay in Your System? By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 13, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 17, 2019  STILLFX/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Opioids Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Vicodin is a pain reliever for moderate to severe pain. It is a combination product with the opioid narcotic hydrocodone bitartrate the nonnarcotic pain reliever acetaminophen.?? There are risks of interactions with other medications and substances you may be taking. If you learn how long Vicodin is active in your system, you may understand how to avoid these dangerous reactions and accidental overdose. Risks With Vicodin in Your System Vicodin contains hydrocodone, which is synthesized from codeine, one of the opioids found in opium poppies. Hydrocodone has the risk of dangerous interactions  with alcohol and other medications. If you mix alcohol or certain other drugs with hydrocodone, you may have breathing problems or sedation and risk falling into a coma.?? Do not drink alcohol or take street drugs while taking Vicodin. Discuss all of your prescription, non-prescription, and over-the-counter medications, supplements, and vitamins with your doctor or pharmacist. While many drugs interact with hydrocodone, the highest risks are with  benzodiazepines (Xanax, Librium, Klonopin, Diastat, Valium, Ativan, Restoril, Halcion, and others), muscle relaxants, sedatives, sleeping pills, tranquilizers, and medicines for mental illness or nausea.?? There are risks of interactions with drugs that affect a component of liver metabolism, CYP3A4. These medications include erythromycin, ketoconazole, and ritonavir as CYP3A4 inhibitors, and rifampin, carbamazepine, and phenytoin as inducers. Using, changing the dosage, or stopping these drugs can cause possibly dangerous changes to the amount of hydrocodone in your system even if you are continuing with the same dose of Vicodin. You also risk the possibility of deadly interactions with the acetaminophen in Vicodin. The problem is that the limit you can take each day without an increased risk of liver damage and possible death is 4,000 milligrams. You might be taking over-the-counter or prescription remedies that contain acetaminophen, such as Tylenol. Those can add up, and people have had serious liver damage due to an accidental overdose. If you drink alcohol, this is even more of a risk. It is important to review everything you take with your doctor or pharmacistâ€"not only drugs you are taking but also any you will be adding or stopping. How Long Vicodin Is Active and Detectable in Your System A dose of Vicodin provides pain relief for four to eight hours. This is due to both of the active ingredientsâ€"acetaminophen and hydrocodone.  Your Vicodin dosage schedule is designed so the blood levels of these two drugs are constant enough to provide continuous pain relief as the body breaks down and eliminates them.?? The acetaminophen in Vicodin has a half-life in the blood of 1.25 to three hours, depending on whether a person has a poor liver function. Most of it has passed out through the urine in 24 hours. Half of the dose of hydrocodone has been deactivated after four hours in your system, and it can be detected in the urine for up to three days. Vicodin can produce  withdrawal symptoms  if you have been taking it for several weeks and suddenly stop. These symptoms can come on within six to 12 hours of your last dose.?? Work with your doctor on ways to avoid withdrawal symptoms. While you are taking Vicodin, it is likely that you would test positive for opiates on a urine drug screening test for two to four days and a saliva drug test for 12 hours to three days. A hair follicle test may show Vicodin use for up to 90 days, although such tests are uncommon.  If you must take a drug screening test for employment, be sure to disclose your medications to the testing laboratory so they can interpret your test accurately. Signs of a Vicodin Overdose The following are some of the symptoms that can occur with a Vicodin overdose:?? Difficulty breathingSlowed or stopped breathingExcessive sleepinessSpasms of the stomach or intestinal tractDizzinessFaintingLimp or weak musclesLiver damage from acetaminophenNarrowing or widening of the pupilsCold, clammy skinSeizuresSlow or stopped heartbeatBlue color of skin, fingernails, lipsLoss of consciousness or coma If you suspect someone is suffering from a Vicodin overdose, call 9-1-1 immediately. If caught early enough, the overdose can be reversed with treatment of Narcan.

Kant and Mills on Capital Punishment Essay - 1609 Words

Kant and Mills on Capital Punishment Capital punishment has raised debate in America since 1608. Both the â€Å"pro-â€Å" and â€Å"anti-â€Å" sides of the issue have strong arguments. Some believe killing is simply wrong, and violates universal human rights, others seek the only justice they deem appropriate, equal justice. I will examine the philosophies of Immanuel Kant, and John Stuart Mill, with regards to their stance on the death penalty. John Stuart Mill (20 May 1806- 8 May 1873) was born in London, England. He was a renowned philosopher best known for his interpretation of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism is based on the concept that an actions morality should be judged solely upon its resulting†¦show more content†¦Mill focuses more on the second of the two as the most effective justification of the death penalty. Mill states in his address â€Å"There is not, I should think, any human infliction which makes an impression on the imagination so entirely out of proportion to its real severity as the punishment of death.† Crime in itself causes suffering, to reduce crime by creating a fear of penalty is a utilitarian practice. Mills judges the balance of suffering for the offender too; interestingly he deems death as a favorable alternative to life in prison. Regarding the criminal he says, â€Å"the most that human laws can do to anyone in the matter of death is to hasten it; the man would have died at any rate; not so very much later, and on the average, I fear, with a considerably greater amount of bodily suffering.† Although determining his stance on the matter today you must take into consideration the fact that prisons in the mid-1800 were far less accomodable then they are presently. This brings me to another point, in today’s society prisons are comparably luxurious, prisoners enjoy televisions, three meals daily, libraries, education, and recreational equipment, these expenses are all funded by the greater portion of society, the tax payers. According to the North Carolinas department of corrections website it costs just overShow MoreRelatedTwo Views of Capital Punishment Essay1283 Words   |  6 PagesCapital punishment has been a debatable subject for decades. Human thinking often ignores the equal-value relationship when it comes to the taking of life. Attention shifts from the victim’s life to that of the murderer. Immanuel Kant believes that moral laws apply equally, and if someone breaks the law, we should make sure that the law applies to everyone. Otherwise, there wouldn’t be such thing as morality. And without morality, life is meaningless. We should be morally strong and be able to killRead MoreEssay about Kant and Mill’s Positions on Capital Punishment1847 Words   |  8 PagesCapital punishment is most commonly known as the death penalty or punishment by death for a crime. It is a highly controversial topic and many people and great thinkers alike have debated about it. Two well-known figures are Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill. Although both stand in favor of capital punishment, their reasons for coming to this conclusion are completely different. I personally stand against capital punishment, but my own personal view on it incorporates a few mixed elements from bothRead MoreThe Dilemma Of The Death Penalty1703 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism and Deontology, present arguments in light of both, and proceed to show why Deontology offers the best insights into the justification for the death penalty. The death penalty, also known as â€Å"capital punishment†, is, â€Å"the sentence of execution for murder and some other capital crimes (serious crimes, especially murder, which are punishable by death).† (Death Penalty Law, Law And Legal Definition). The death penalty has existed in America since colonial times; however, attempts to abolishRead MoreThe Argument Of Punishment : Ethical Perspectives1994 Words   |  8 PagesName: Andrew Padrta Course: Ethic Date: 03/21/2016 Punishment: Ethical Perspectives The society generally has established customs and moral imperative to guide the conduct of each member of that particular society. These norms designating certain ways in which people ought to live in the society exist in societal laws and moral prescription. The justifications for the ideal practices in the society have been found in the desire to maintain peaceful coexistence in the society. The extent of freedomRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Death Penalty833 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the controversial issue during our nationwide is death penalty, because it is punishment that carried out against a person condemned of capital crime. Research have shown that â€Å"At least 1,634 people were executed in 25 countries in 2015, also in 2014 Amnesty International recorded 1,061 executions in 22 counties worldwide† (Amnesty International). Also, there are many different philosophical view on death penalty. One of the them is utilitarian philosopher Jermyn Bentham, where he argues thatRead MoreRacism - A History : The Color Of Money1063 Words   |  5 Pageseconomics served as the driving force behind slavery. The documentary highlights that although slavery existed for several centuries prior to the slave trade, the concept of racism is rooted in the enslavement and exploitation of Africans for labor and capital gain. The documentary describes how the British’s development of the transatlantic slave trade for colonial America served as the catalyst for racism, not the reverse. As Professor James Walvin, Professor of History Emeritus at the University of YorkRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemma Of The Death Penalty1814 Words   |  8 PagesUtilitarianism and Deontology, present arguments in light of both, and proceed to show why Deontology offers the best insights into the justification for the death penalty. The death penalty, also known as â€Å"capital punishment†, is, â€Å"the sentence of execution for murder and some other capital crimes (serious crimes, especially murder, which are punishable by death).† (Death Penalty Law, Law And Legal Definition). The death penalty has existed in America since colonial times; however, attempts to abolishRead MoreMoral Theories Of Utilitarianism And Deontological Ethics1266 Words   |  6 Pagesjustifying moral principles. Utilitarianism has been clarified by Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873). Bentham proposed that actions are based upon the consequences (Moreland, 2009), and ongoing work on his theory will help in providing grounds for legal actions. His ideas regarding every human keeping his interests above the interests of others, were further worked by Mill (Sweet, n.d). Utilitarianism tries to improve the moral state of the world for as many people as possibleRead MoreEthics Is The Branch Of Study De aling With Social Principles3917 Words   |  16 Pagesdescribe and to defend utilitarianism. Comparing utilitarianism to intuition, egoism, Kant ethics, and other theories so far, I have no doubt utilitarianism is the best moral theory. My concern in this assignment will be defending utilitarianism and exposing the criticism against common oppositions to it expansion. In addition, I will address and connect utilitarianism to the ethical issue of legal punishment for analysis. I believe utilitarianism is correct ethical theory, because utilitarianismRead MoreCritical Analysis: Death and Justice by Edward Kotch1549 Words   |  7 PagesThe Unbiased Truth: An Overview of Edward Koch’s Controversial Essay ‘Death and Justice’ In his essay with regard to capital punishment entitled â€Å"Death and Justice†, which first appeared in The New Republic on April 15, 1985, Edward I. Koch aggressively refutes the claims of individuals who are opposed to the subject matter with seven firm and satisfying points. A native of New York, born 1924, Koch was an American lawyer, politician, political commentator and a reality television arbitrator.

Mexican Immigrants Self Management And Diabetic Control

The foundation of the United States was built on migration. Every year new immigrants are coming into the country. Grieco et al. (2010) stated that in 2012 there were 11.7 million immigrants from Mexico living in America. Diabetes among Mexican immigrants have been increasing over the years, and now have the highest risk of getting diabetes (Barcellos, Goldman, Smith, 2012; O’Brien, Alos, Davey, Bueno, Whitaker, 2014). In regards to this, one hypothesis for the escalation is that later generations of Mexican immigrants, specifically the second and third generations, due to the exposure and overstressed relationship with assimilating to a new culture (Afable-Munsuz, Mayeda, Pà ©rez-Stable, Haan, 2013). It was studied by Afable-Munsuz†¦show more content†¦When it comes to diabetes there are no pros about this health problem for anyone. Conversely, there are many cons to this issues. Most importantly, this disease has many complications, and one major complication i s heart disease (CDC, 2015). Also, individuals with diabetes are fours time more likely to die due to heart disease, and is the top cause of death (CDC, 2015). According to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (2014), individuals of Hispanic descent have more complications and disability from diabetes, and there is high importance to reduce this among this population. However, another con, is that there is a lack in resources for Mexican immigrants in self-management of diabetes. A study by Schneiderman et al. (2014), found that 47.9 percent of participants did not have health coverage, and 41.3 percent of participants did not know about their diabetes disease. Staggering results show that there is a need for support in various areas in management of diabetes. As a result, my stance on this rising issue, is that diabetes can be managed with adequate resources, education and collaboration, especially in incorporating folk beliefs, that will lead to healthier lives for Mexic an Immigrants (CDC, 2015; Gordon, 1994). Furthermore, two ethical principles that are raised by this health problem are justice and autonomy. Health insurance is a major issue in when it comes to Mexican immigrants getting the proper care they

Night Creature Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22 Free Essays

string(19) " how lonely I was\." I waited for Will to argue, but he didn’t. â€Å"The fewer werewolves for the Weendigo to kill and eat,† he said, â€Å"the less power he accumulates.† â€Å"And if he doesn’t have a hundred by the night of the blood moon, I’d say he’s screwed. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22 or any similar topic only for you Order Now † I glanced at Jessie. â€Å"Works for me,† she said. I glanced at the window. The sun was coming up. â€Å"Too late today. But tonight – â€Å" Jessie nodded. â€Å"Tonight we have some fun.† Neither one of us noticed Will going into the bathroom, but we saw him come out. He held Jessie’s blood-spattered uniform in his hands. â€Å"What the hell is this?† We exchanged glances. I shrugged. He was all hers. â€Å"What does it look like?† Jessie headed for her bedroom. I assumed to get dressed. I know I never like to argue while wearing a towel. Will followed her. â€Å"What happened?† â€Å"Relax, Slick; it’s not my blood.† â€Å"I’m so relieved.† He didn’t sound relieved. He sounded pissed. I retrieved my gun and slipped out the door. I didn’t want to listen to them argue. I definitely didn’t want to be around when they made up. Just the thought made my body remember what I’d been doing with Damien about twenty-four hours ago. I wanted to do it again. That I couldn’t only made me want to more. I drove home as daylight burst over the horizon. I enjoyed sunrise, the end of night. All the dangerous beings with fangs gone to sleep or returned to human form. What wasn’t to like? For the first time I could remember, I pulled into an empty parking lot. Where was everyone? I climbed out of the car, taking my guns along. Upstairs I set the weapons on the table, took a quick look-see around my apartment. Didn’t appear that anyone had been in here lately, except for me. I considered taking a shower and climbing into bed. Then I heard the music. The notes flew on the early-morning breeze and shot through my window. Not jazz for a change, but a hoof-stomping country tune. Toby Keith singing about the red, white, and blue. I loved that song. I loved country music. I liked the slow ones and the fast. I liked the easy southern cadence of the words and the long-drawn-out stories they told. Who was playing country music in an empty bar? Only one way to find out. I went downstairs. The door was open. I stepped inside. Half-afraid I’d find Cowboy, I wasn’t any happier to see Damien. Well, who had I expected? Elvis? A huge boom box perched on a table, a stack of CDs at its side. Damien swept the floor with his back to me. I tried to inch out, but he straightened. â€Å"Wait.† Toby was informing the world we’d put a boot in their ass; it was the American way. You can see why I like him. He’s a man after my own heart. â€Å"I†¦ can’t.† I kept moving backward. He turned. The anguish on his face stopped me in my tracks. â€Å"What’s wrong?† He shook his head. â€Å"Nothing. You’re right. You should go.† I should, but now I couldn’t. He was upset. Seriously upset. I’d planned to avoid him, as best I could living in his front yard. I’d definitely decided we shouldn’t be alone together. I knew what would happen if he came anywhere near me. I had no self-control around him. I’d already proven that. But he was hurting, badly. I couldn’t just run upstairs and go to bed. Even if he did turn down the music. I inched closer. Toby wanted to talk about me, I, number one. I wanted to talk about Damien. â€Å"Bad night?† I murmured. He shrugged and returned to sweeping, though the floor seemed pretty damn clean to me. â€Å"Not really. I accomplished what I set out to.† I frowned. â€Å"What? Selling more whiskey than rye?† â€Å"No, more beer than tequila.† I couldn’t tell if he was joking or not. â€Å"Why are you still here?† I asked. â€Å"Nothing better to do.† Damien and I had a lot more in common than I cared for. He glanced up. â€Å"Where did you take off to in such a hurry before?† I’d torn out of here after Jessie’s call, which had followed my horrible daymare. Just the memory of it made me cold and clammy. â€Å"I had to meet the sheriff.† The truth. Wow. I could tell it. The music changed. Toby was done and a sweet, swaying ballad began. Trisha Yearwood wondered how she could live without him. How would she ever survive? I used to love this song as well. Until it hit too close to home. Suddenly Damien stood directly in front of me, without his broom. He was close, invading my space. I took a step back and stumbled over my own two feet. His hand snaked out; his arm pressed against my spine. Now I couldn’t breathe along with Trisha. â€Å"Damien – † I began. â€Å"Dance with me,† he whispered. â€Å"Just once.† I could have refused, should have. But he smelled so good – like wind and trees and summertime, with a hint of tobacco that should have been unpleasant but was, instead, tempting. His skin was warm, his breath balmy against my cheek. When he touched me like this I remembered everything that had happened between us. It had been sex, not love, but I could pretend, and right now I needed to. I melted against him and we began to move with the music. He was a good dancer, unusual in a man his age. My grandfather had shown me the waltz, the polka, the fox-trot. No one knew how to dance like a civilized human being anymore. Except Damien. Someone had taught him, just like my grandfather had taught me. The music swelled, seemed to both surround and fill me. My feet moved next to his in perfect rhythm. As I laid my head on his chest, he pressed his cheek to my hair. I hadn’t realized how lonely I was. You read "Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22" in category "Essay examples" My life was full. Of death, sure, but that’s the way I wanted it. I didn’t have time to miss all I’d lost. Not much anyway. Whenever I did, I moved to another town, shot a dozen more werewolves, and refused to listen to the sobbing little girl in-side of me who missed her mama. I was heap big werewolf hunter; I didn’t get to cry. So why did I want to? Because here, in Crow Valley, I had caught a glimpse of what I lacked. Not only friendship but also companionship, love, sex, anything that made life worth living, except killing – which made me one sick cookie. And I called Hector psychotic. I was being tempted back to another world, and I wasn’t sure I could live in it. Seeing Jessie and Will, so in love, holding Damien close, so sexy and†¦ aroused. I stiffened, but he tightened his arms and wouldn’t let me go. â€Å"Please,† he whispered. â€Å"Don’t leave me yet.† A thick, warm feeling settled just below my heart. I didn’t want to leave. Not him. Not yet. It was daytime. The werewolves were human again. We were safe – for a little while. And I needed him now. Even more than I’d needed him yesterday. I lifted my head. He was watching me with an indecipherable expression on his face. I wasn’t sure what he was thinking. Was I ever? A new song began – a boot-stompin’ two-step. We continued to slow dance as Trisha informed us that her lover could smile like an angel, lie like a rug. â€Å"Too bad you’re no good,† I murmured. Damien’s lips lifted in the closest thing to a smile I’d ever seen on his face. Was that an omen? Suddenly he twirled me out, then yanked me back and started a fancy double-step I was barely able to follow. By the time the song ended I was breathing heavily and laughing. Damien stared at me with an odd expression. â€Å"What?† â€Å"I’ve never seen you laugh like that.† I quit. I had no right to laugh, to smile, or to be happy. He touched the corner of my mouth with his fingertip. â€Å"Don’t stop.† I shuddered, righting the urge to capture his finger in my mouth and nibble. What was the matter with me? Jimmy and I had had sex, and it had been good. Hector hadn’t been bad, either. Well, what did I expect, fucking the Devil? But Damien†¦ Everything about him exuded sexuality. I couldn’t be in the same room with him and not want him – even before I’d had him. Now that I knew what lay beneath those black clothes, I had a hard time remembering why never again had seemed like a good idea. His finger skimmed my jaw, feathered down my neck, slid along my collarbone. â€Å"Damien – â€Å" â€Å"I never should have touched you.† The pain in his voice, on his face, made me go silent. â€Å"It was a mistake. But I can’t help wanting you again.† His hands closed around my upper arms; the grip was just short of painful. â€Å"I don’t care if it’s wrong.† He let his head fall forward until our foreheads touched. His hair sifted over my face and I caught the scent of the trees. â€Å"I don’t care if you shoot me.† His breath tickled the corner of my eye as his hands gentled, and his thumbs stroked the soft, sensitive skin at the inside of my arm. â€Å"I don’t care about much of anything right now except being inside you.† Suddenly I didn’t care about anything else, either. I tilted my head, brushing my lips across his. My tongue flicked out, teasing, taunting, tormenting. He tensed. â€Å"Leigh.† I loved how he said my name. Softly, almost reverently, as if the word were torn from somewhere deep within him. I didn’t want to wait. I didn’t want to think. I raised on tiptoe, leaning into him, my fingers busy with the buttons of his shirt, my palms spreading across his chest, satisfying my desire for warmth, strength, sensation. I needed to feel alive, and in the past two years I hadn’t. Not until I’d met him. As he’d said, it was wrong, but right now I didn’t care. I wanted to feel his life in me, and I knew exactly how. Replacing my hands with my mouth, I kissed his smooth chest, traced my teeth across his belly, laved a circle around his navel. By the time I reached his waist, I’d unhooked his pants. They slid to the floor just ahead of me. â€Å"Leigh?† He came back to himself long enough to reach for me. I batted his hands away and took him in my mouth. I’d never gone dov/n on anyone before, not that I hadn’t heard all about it. I’d been to college. He was smooth, hot, and hard. I roiled my tongue over his tip. He tasted like the earth, the wind, the water. I scraped my teeth gently across his skin. His hands on my head, his fingers threaded through my hair, and he showed me the rhythm. Moaning, he thrust into my mouth, faster and faster. I was so excited, I was afraid I’d be too rough. But that didn’t seem to be a problem. He pulled me away and I struggled to take him back. â€Å"Leigh, wait; we should – â€Å" I licked him. His breath hissed in, sharp and quick. He glared at me. â€Å"Let’s go up to your room.† There was no way I could wait that long. I tugged on his hand until he knelt next to me; then I leaned over and nipped his lip. â€Å"Now,† I whispered. â€Å"Here.† â€Å"Here?† â€Å"You just cleaned the floor, didn’t you?† I startled a laugh out of him. The sound caused my belly to tighten with a hunger that had nothing to do with food. Laughing, he was more beautiful than ever before. I had to have him. Now. Here. I yanked off my shirt, then tore at the rest of my clothes. He didn’t help. Instead he watched. Having his sober hazel eyes drift over me in appreciation was nearly as arousing as the touch of his lips and his hands. Nearly. When he bent and flicked a nipple with his tongue my legs wobbled and I clung to him. â€Å"I can’t wait,† I panted. He moved away, yanking protection from his pants – did he have a spare condom everywhere? – then lying back on the floor. â€Å"Come here.† He held out his arms. I shook my head. â€Å"Why don’t you – ?† â€Å"You’re not lying on the floor. Not with me. Not ever. Come here,† he repeated. From the determination on his face, if I wanted him, I could have him. But only like this. Who was I to argue? I straddled him, took him deep inside. His hands on my hips, he guided me. We were both so close to the edge, it didn’t take long. I watched his face as he came. For an instant I wanted to touch his cheek and kiss the lids of his sad, sad eyes. But I knew better. Then my own release took me, hard and fast, a near-painfui explosion that left me gasping. When I came back to myself I was draped ail over Damien, his body still buried deep within. But that wasn’t the intimacy that made my heart lurch, then thunder. No, it was the way he ran his long, clever fingers up and down my back. How to cite Night Creature: Hunter’s Moon Chapter 22, Essay examples

Googles Issues Of Russian Advertisements †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Google's Issues Of Russian Advertisements. Answer: Introduction In the beginning of October, Google Inc. released its sustainability report of 2016 and it described the year as a landmark year. Google has always been trying to progress on objectives to meet the environmental issues. Google does an excellent job in providing high-speed data solutions to the users and Google uses many cloud platforms that users can utilise technologies. In this regard, each of the organisations has its own responsibility in corporate culture and work. Google as technology giant in technology cannot overlook its approach in mitigating risks in technology. In this report, the case of Google's issues of Russian advertisements on Google will be described. At first, Google was not frank in speaking about Russian ads on Google in a sustainability report. Google was silent on the issue of Russian ads and the process of addressing the solution. This case is related to the business ethics of Google as Google is treated as one of the transparent organisations in the world. Google's sustainable report must have focused about Russian ads issue that was predominant in most of 2016 during Russian election. Google is in an ethical dilemma when other media houses revealed that Russian-bought advertisements were mainly placed on YouTube, Gmail and other Google-based platforms. Businesses must be ethical and it must follow corporate citizenship. Holistic concept of ethical practices of corporate culture follows as for how the company ensures process and policies. In case of Google, most of the stakeholders are not aware of the semantics that Google is using. Google packages its corporate responsibility as sustainability and it proposes corporate citizenship. Users of Google want to know that Google should be more transparent in corporate governance performance and company's social responsibility practices. In the computerisation of digital advertising, technologies are the main responsible for running ads. Technologies and the experts decide in appearing of the ads in web pages. Google has been performing in this field and it is called programmatic advertising. It is billion dollar industry as the internet is one of the vast media that can attract people. Google has its responsibility to maintain corporate ethics in running the ads. Now the fundamental shifting has been noticed in reaching the users. Google decides where the ads will be running and data of audiences decide the factors. However, with great power, there comes great responsibility. Google does not use infrastructure of digital advertising and Google is not managing the inventory that comes enough in making the data available. In case of Russian ads, when people clicked on the advertisement link, it automatically installed on the system of the users. Google tried to remove the ads, however, for a couple of days, it was not possible for them. Google, however, launched an investigation of the Russian ads. It was clear that one Russian firm took the responsibility to influence the people during Russian election. Google could not disseminate misinformation easily when it invaded users systems. Case description Google identified in ad buys by Russian accounts which had used in Google advertisements and YouTube video to spread misinformation about Russian election. These accounts had also been used for sowing the discord in politics of America. Google provides advertisements services and it is billion dollars industry in digital marketing section. Google has been using modern technologies in identifying the accounts which have been posted for the advertisements (Byers 2017). However, some of the Russia based accounts posted misinformation in YouTube and Google advertisements and in DoubleClick platforms in order to push divisive campaigns on various issues like gun rights and race immigration in America. However, Google could not identify the Google accounts which had done the wrong deeds. In the later time, Google team has identified that most of the accounts are related to the Internet Research Agency and it is based on Kremlin-link Troll Farm. Troll Farm is associated with buying ads for social media, Facebook and Twitter. However, in the previous time, Google has averred that it could not find any links of misrepresentation in advertisements and they were unable to find any links (Csrhub.com 2017). However, Google also said that they are not sure about linking with IRA and these accounts can extend beyond the Twitter and Facebook. In case of Facebook, these advertisements reached 10 million people. It has been clear that most of the advertisements reached a maximum number of people. In case of Google, it tries to make transparent in works of business. Google has two separate policies in order to deal with the account creating and for the one who can buy advertisements. Therefore, it gets harder for Google to police accounts that created for advertisements or YouTube campaigns, maybe, these accounts are not paying money to advertise. Google has been facing these issues as people are making free accounts for Gmail activities, however, people are using those accounts to promote their business using those free accounts (Kaye 2017). Moreover, Google spokesperson Mrs Faville rightly opined that Google has policies and limit in political campaigning and religion campaigning on Google page. Like other social networking sites, Google's parent organisation Alphabet had to agree to publicly testify the hearing in front o f House Intelligence Committee and Senate. Facebook identified approximately 470 accounts that shared misinformation of Russian election and religious fervour of American; they demanded that most of the accounts used Gmail to log in to Facebook (Theguardian.com 2017). Google is the one who is to blame by the media as it is the largest online advertisement seller in the world. Google must have a team who can scrutinise the content of the advertisement before it rolls out in public. Google must have the corporate responsibility as it is related to cybersecurity and ethics. Google has more than 40% revenue in digital marketing only in the USA and this is related to YouTube videos and Google advertisements. Google should have tracked the misuse of the platforms and Business ethics should have followed (The Verge 2017). Google demands that it has transparent work culture and it follows corporate responsibility strictly, however, the biased advertisements of politics and religion based ads spread without Google notice. Google investigated the matter and it emphasised especially on the advertisements which cost less than $100,000 (Wang 2017). Google is not sure that all the advertisements came from Troll Farms or it came from a different origin. Some of the media strictly criticised Google and referred that Google does not do scrutiny of the accounts. Facebook published more than 3000 Russian ads publicly and these ads are done by Russian government-affiliated Troll Farm. The incident of Russian ads makes one thing clear that Russian online platform can influence many of the American technology in misleading the online services and platforms. Stakeholders of the Google Inc. are various as they are mainly group based and they share the interest. Google takes corporate responsibilities for the stakeholders. Stakeholders of the Google are users, employees, investors, governments, communities and advertisers and other consumers (Washingtonpost.com 2017). Google is technological giant and it reaches almost all counties in the world. Google's top priority stakeholders are employees as they run the originations. Google takes various measures in order to improve the condition of the employees. Second most important stakeholder of Google is an advertiser. Advertisers are the main sources of Google to generate revenue of the organisation. These stakeholders are mostly interested in having effective services from Google. In this case, Google provides advantages to the advertisers and advertisers are taking this benefit and spreading cybercrime. Business ethics of Google is being violated as corporate responsibility towards the socie ty may not be followed by Google. Google's code of conduct' says don't be evil' and Google's main aim is to provide unbiased access to information to the users. Following the law and regulation in respective countries is important and Google sets high practical and inspirational reasons to be loyal to the users. Analysis of ethical issues In business ethics, there are two types of ethics that are followed in business decision-making concept. In descriptive ethics, it attempts to explain moral systems of societies and groups and it uncovers mainly the moral beliefs of individuals. Descriptive ethics is related to the values, ethical ideas, wrong and right behaviours or actions and moral systems (Crane and Matten 2016). In normative ethics, it is related to main actions that are wrong or right. In this case, Google collects huge amounts of data on the users who use the search engine. Google stores the records of users' search history in order to develop the corporate efficiency. Google keeps the records of the users for more than nine months and then they get deleted. Google became awestruck when it came to know that social networking services and online paid platforms were deeply manipulated by the Russian government. Google asks its employees to follow the code of conducts and Google has its ethics and compliance help line. Google also asks the employees not to violate the laws and regulations. In an organisation, corporate ethics are related to the integrity of employees andmanagement must be honest to deal with the situation. Themanagement has to stand on what is right. Moreover, as opined by Trevino and Nelson (2016),management or board of directors must show respect to employees and stakeholders with fairness and dignity. Ethics is also associated with the employees' accountable for actions and commitments towards the organisation (Fifka 2013). In addition, organisations are treated as responsible citizens and it should follow the rules and laws in each country where it operates. In case of Google, it also follows the rules and regulations; however, it does not keep track of the accounts of the users. The Troll Farm of the Russia used the trench of Googles regulation and misled the people. Organisations try to promote associate awareness and commit to conducting the business in highest ethical standards. Google also follows the compliance policy and adheres to the code of ethics in pertinent regulations and business. Some of the organisations do ethics training for themanagement in order to understand the ethical needs and it is to ensure that organisations should do business ethically. As stated by Bowie (2017), Google prohibits retaliation for any employees who can participate in possible violation and investigation process. Google follows the ethics in serving the users and it provides high standards services to the users. Google has ethics in integrity and users trust the name of Google. Google trusts the users and it strives to earn more trust with communicating with the users. Google also tries to provide services that are useful to the users and Google has various types of users (Leipziger 2017). However, Google should have systems to track the users' activities in order to identify them. Most importantly, Google remembers that they ask for users' information, however, preserving someone's data is related to the privacy policy. Google does not share the data with any third party users and unauthorised access is strictly prohibited. Google follows freedom of expression and it tries to advance in the privacy policy and free of expression. It tries to implement it in the world as it tries to develop it in around the world. Moreover, Google has been facing issues in cybersecurity as responsiveness is needed and strict scrutiny can solve the issue (Ferrel and Fraedirch 2015). User's content and advertisements must come under the vigilance of Google team. In case of Google's incident of Russian ads that reached millions of people. Russian advertiser who bought these ads was connected to the Kremlin. The impact of the significant breach of the regulations posed by Google was on mainly Google itself as from the perspectives of worldwide media; Google is now ethical breached organisation. People now believe that Google's vigilance can be breached easily (Blowfield and Murray 2014). This incident imposed the negative impact on Google as the sustainable policy of Google now is in question and efficiency of Google's team is at stake as Google took a few months to identify the accounts (Weiss 2014). Google took help of Facebook in order to identify the accounts and its link up with Russian agency. Another stakeholder of this incident who has been facing negative impact was American political party for whom these ads were running. Russian Troll Farm proved that Google can be fooled and it was a moral win for them to run the ad campaign withou t notice of the Google. As stated by Hoffman et al. (2014), businesses command huge resources and it can impact on society. Each business has a social responsibility and Google has been following this since long. However, there are grey areas in the business and in this case; management has to provide the best judgement. Incorporate security, the organisation itself does not share any information of the clients. Managers of the business should not make promises to the shareholders in many cases. The primacy of consequentialist ground, as opined by Hartman et al. (2014), firms should be managed in the interest of shareholders, not in the interest of managers' themselves. As stated in the stakeholders' theory, managers should not run the business only on the benefits of shareholders; managers need to make balance in the interests of all stakeholders. Recommendations Business transformation programmes Google is a large organisation and even if it wants to make some organisational changes initiatives, it would not be easy. The company has been following the same Codes of Practices for long and Google can warp ethical climate by putting stress on change the top. Leaders in the Google need to understand the stakeholders' interests and it would be lucrative for them to have business transformation programme. Leaders may have a conflict of interests and some leaders may counter values. In ethical dilemma and breach of ethics that come from stakeholders, Google needs to take strong standpoint and transformation or alteration of policies would be beneficial for them. In order to be the sustainable organisation, Google needs to identify the benefits. The investment, philanthropy and the corporate social responsibility; each part of the business must be highlighted. Google should highlight those issues and business transformation will be successful through these. Engage the stakeholders Google has the corporate responsibility as Google thinks itself as one of the leaders in corporate citizenship. In this regard, stakeholders' engagement is important. In stakeholders' theory, it is mentioned that while making the policies of the organisation, each of the stakeholders' interests should be checked. Stakeholders' may come from different cultures and ethical issues can be profoundly difficult. Stakeholders' engagement makes the communication easy and it can provide benefits to the organisation and also to stakeholders. Russian Troll Farm's ethical breach to Google could be avoided if the stakeholders' engagement was there with the viable plan. Business ethics is basically normative and vast choices of decisions need to take in making an ultimate decision. Google needs to be more transparent in publishing a report to the stakeholders as entire business process and sustainability are prescribed in this report. Google should let the stakeholders know about their expectation s. Establish systems and process Google knows where it stands in the market and it knows what really matters to them. In this scenario, as Google is in the technological field, it needs to improve systems and process. Google's account making system should be more secure. Using Google's accounts, users can easily post advertisements and Google cannot identify the accounts. Google needs to ban the accounts as well as the misrepresented advertisements also. Systems and process of technology and organisation running procedure should be renewed. More transparent and ethical work can be progressed through refurbishing of the systems. Collaboration must be facilitated with an implementation of new initiatives. Conclusion It has been observed that Google did not breach any regulations; however, some weak policies of Google made it easier for Russian Troll Farm to post the advertisement on Russian politics. Google's account making policy should be revised. Google avoided this issue when it published it sustainable report at the end of 2016, however, they should have published this issue and made everything transparent. People should know the actual issue what had happened. Google mainly follow principles of serving the users, respect the stakeholders, preserve confidentiality, protect Google's assets and obey the law and regulations. The Government can also use Google information in order to investigate any case. Moreover, Google makes the free million of books online and many publishers made a lawsuit against Google in digitalising any information. In this way, Google tries to make happy the stakeholders in recent view of corporate responsibility. In this case, Google found out that Russian agents pur chased ads on from wide ranges of a network during 2016 presidential election. The theoretical perspectives of the business ethics are related to the normative ethics and it is regulated as the academic discipline. In business ethics, there are varieties of disciplines that are related to corporate ethics, philosophy, economics, psychology and public policy. In normative ethics, the management of business makes some assumptions in an economic framework. The management makes assumptions that buyers and sellers of any services can mutually determine decisions. In case of Google, allocation of a team with the resources must be done perfectly that should not have any debate that can be misguided. Google is for-profit organisation and it has mainly philanthropic approach in funding new companies and it makes a bond with novel technologies with investors. Moreover, Google Google's lobby Congress makes legislation in favour of the social issues. Google's corporate sustainability cannot be broken in such manner; however, it should make some policies to battle with the risks. Corporate responsibility is s high risk and Google knows that their Code of Conduct may not solve the ethical issues that might come up. In this respect, Google has to tell all the employees being alert in every choice they make. Organisations itself is a moral individual and it describes the moral agency to describe decision-making structure. It is related to the cause-events to happen and the organisation can act intentionally. In order to stop such inconvenience in future, Google needs to modify the Code of Conducts along with the policy. Google's accounts are free; however, it can apply more security inte rface within this. Google can join in any trade association with integrating corporate culture. References Byers, D. 2017.Google has found Russian ads related to 2016 election. CNNMoney. Available at: https://money.cnn.com/2017/10/09/media/google-russia-ads/index.html [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. CSRHub - Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsiblity (CSR) ratings on over 17,580 of the worlds largest public and private companies.CSR information for Google, Inc.. Available at: https://www.csrhub.com/CSR_and_sustainability_information/Google-Inc [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. Kaye, L. 2017.Google Posts Sustainability Update, Yet Lacks Frankness on Russia Ads. Triple Pundit: People, Planet, Profit. Available at: https://www.triplepundit.com/2017/10/google-posts-sustainability-update-yet-lacks-frankness-russia-ads/ [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. Sweney, M. and Hern, A. 2017.Google ad controversy: what the row is all about. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/17/youtube-and-google-search-for-answers [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. The Verge. 2017.Google has reportedly found Russia-linked ads on YouTube, Gmail, and search. Available at: https://www.theverge.com/2017/10/9/16446970/google-russia-ads-youtube-gmail [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. Wang, U. 2017.How Google is using big data to protect the environment. The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2016/oct/12/google-environmental-sustainability-data-kate-brandt [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. Washington Post. 2017.Google uncovers Russian-bought ads on YouTube, Gmail and other platforms. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/10/09/google-uncovers-russian-bought-ads-on-youtube-gmail-and-other-platforms/?utm_term=.dfbe8830d160 [Accessed on 14 Oct. 2017]. Blowfield, M. and Murray, A., 2014.Corporate responsibility. Oxford University Press. Bowie, N.E., 2017.Business ethics: A Kantian perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Chun, J.S., Shin, Y., Choi, J.N. and Kim, M.S., 2013. How does corporate ethics contribute to firm financial performance? The mediating role of collective organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.Journal of Management,39(4), pp.853-877. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016.Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. London: Oxford University Press. Ferrell, O.C. and Fraedrich, J., 2015.Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases. London: Nelson Education. Fifka, M.S., 2013. Corporate responsibility reporting and its determinants in comparative perspectivea review of the empirical literature and a meta?analysis.Business strategy and the environment,22(1), pp.1-35. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoffman, W.M., Frederick, R.E. and Schwartz, M.S. eds., 2014.Business ethics: Readings and cases in corporate morality. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Leipziger, D., 2017.The corporate responsibility code book. London: Routledge. Lin, H.C., Lin, H.C., Wang, C.S., Wang, C.S., Wu, R.S. and Wu, R.S., 2017. Does corporate ethics help investors forecast future earnings?.Social Responsibility Journal,13(1), pp.62-77. Trevino, L.K. and Nelson, K.A., 2016.Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. London: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

Joseph Stalin Essays - Old Bolsheviks, Marshals Of The Soviet Union

Joseph Stalin Joseph Stalin was a Georgian Marxist revolutionary leader and later dictator of the USSR. He was born in Gori, Georgia. He studied at Tiflis Orthodox where he was expelled from in 1899. After joining a Georgian Social Democratic organization in 1898, he became active in a revolutionary underground, and he was twice sent to Siberia. As a leading Bolshevik he played an active role in the October Revolution. In 1922, he became general secretary of the Party Central Committee, a position that he held until the day of his death. Stalin also occupied other key positions, which enabled him to build up enormous personal power in the government. This is a key point in Stalin's life where he was enormously confident about himself which led him to do things that were no acceptable in today's standard life. After the death of Vladimir I. Lenin in 1924 Stalin became leader of the Soviet Union where he made many changes to agriculture and industry. He believed that the Soviet Union was one hundred years behind the West and that they had to catch up as quickly as possible. This is where the idea of his ?Five Year Plan,? came about. The five-year plan basically got the people involved and motivated them into a modern life. From the 5-year plan, 25 million farms were produced which were only big enough to feed the families that were harvesting them. The more successful peasants were called the Kulaks. Along with the five-year plan, Stalin launched a campaign for the ?collectivization of agriculture,'' where millions of peasants were recognized as part of the civilization. Between 1934 and 1938 he built up a government, and armed forces in which millions of people were imprisoned, exiled, or shot. In 1938 he signed a Non- Aggression Pact with Hitler which bought the Soviet Union two years after the involvement in World War Two. After the German invasion in 1941, the USSR became a member of the Grand Alliance, and Stalin, as was leader, took the name of Generalissimo. He took part in the conferences of Tehran, Yelta, and Potsdam that resulted in Soviet military and political control over the liberated countries of postwar E and C Europe. Much of the blame of the concentration camps and German invasion are blamed on Adolph Hitler, but in the lost shadows is this man, Joseph Stalin. Stalin is responsible for some concentration camps and exiles that went on with the slaves. Joseph Stalin was an evil man. The party of slaves that he started, the Kulaks, (meaning that they had a little bit more than the regular slaves) were being stubborn and they didn't want to give Stalin their crops without him paying a certain fee for them. When the Kulaks started to rebel against Stalin, he was infuriated and he declared war against the slaves. Stalin and his armies overpowered the slave's and they had to surrender to them before anything else occurred. Along with their crops came all the machinery that they had and everything that they possessed. Due to Joseph Stalin's actions, many people who were on this collective farm system starved to death. The exact amount of people whom Stalin caused death to is not known but facts prove tha t there were many of people who died to his actions. In 1945 he conducted foreign policies which contributed to the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the West. By1950 Stalin's mental and physical health had begun to deteriorate and he was absent from the Kremlin, the government headquarters in Moscow, for long periods of time. In January 1953 Stalin ordered the arrest of a group of Kremlin doctors on charges of plotting the medical murder of high-level Soviet officials. A few days later, Stalin died of complications from a stroke in March. After his death, the people were upset while Stalin's political successors expressed relief and moved quickly change some of the most brutal features of his regime. Nikita Khrushchev, who replaced Stalin as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, denounced Stalin's methods of rule and political theories, known as Stalinism, in his secret speech to the 20th Party Congress in 1956. Stalin's historical legacy is really

A Cristmas Carrol Essay Example

A Cristmas Carrol Essay Example A Cristmas Carrol Essay A Cristmas Carrol Essay The ghost of Christmas present is the next to visit and shows scrooge bob Cratchits family on Christmas day And now two smaller Cratchits came in, screaming that outside the backers they had smelt goose and known it for there own and basking in luxurious thoughts of sage and onions these young Cratchits danced around the table this shows that the Cratchit family enjoy being around each other and love one and other. The key words that show this are these young Cratchits danced around the table. this makes the reader feel that the Cratchit family are a loving family and just because there poor doesnt mean they cant be happy. The ghost also shows scrooge two children that have died from starvation. This was meant to shock scrooge and the reader into wishing they had done more to help the poor. The next ghost is the ghost of Christmas yet to come. He shows scrooge his future, if he caries on being mean, the ghost shows him that he will end up with no family and die a old lonely man. Scrooge is shocked to see that when hes dead no one cares and the poor steal his things. Ha ha laughed the same woman when old Joe produced a fanal bag with money in it told out there several gains upon the ground. This is the end of it you see he frightened everyone away when he was alive to profit us when he was dead! Ha ha ha. This quote shows that when scrooge is dead people are making money off of scrooges possessions this makes scrooge upset and mad, he feels this is unfair. The keywords that show this are old Joe produced a bag with money. This makes the reader feel that scrooge deserves it for not giving money to the poor when scrooge was alive. The rich in 1842 would have been scared of this happening to them. Dickens wanted to shock the reader and make them change there ways because only the rich would have been able to read in 1842. After being visited by the ghosts scrooge changed his ways for the better, many people after reading dickens book became more thoughtful. In the novel dickens paints a clear picture of what it was like for both rich and poor people in Victorian times. The themes in the novel are still in our society today greed and love. At Christmas people in todays society are more bothered about presents under the Christmas tree than family.

Artist Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Artist Research - Essay Example The two images, the mother/daughter, and the Rites of Passage show tensions coming up as the digital representation connects with both the photographic or analogue view. Both images are created using a video digitizer and then superimposed on a live video image. The final images are as photographs from the computer monitor. Joan Truckenbrod uses various phenomena in her work in trying to make an impression in the eye. Both of these works are envisioned into the natural world that at many times is invisible from the naked eye. She uses phenomena such as wind currents reshaping material in their path and electrical vibration with electrons theatrically playing. Her algorithmic images extended into color and transformative patterns (Renee Diane Klaas, 2) The invisible phenomena in motion are represented by patterns from sequential series and finally they are transferred on fabric by used of xerography. As a digital artist, Joan Truckenbrod’s work is truly a masterpiece. To start with the images are truly eye catching and only then does an artist realize the energy and effort put in making the images a reality is just incredible. She is a pioneer in the digital arts being a professor in Art and Technology Department at The School of Art Institute in Chicago. She is among the first artists to exhibit digital images in the 70’s. Art is a story and Joan can tell her stories and express what she sees in her world in a very creative manner. The use of various phenomena in the production of her digital images is just remarkable (Renee Diane Klaas, 2).Any artist viewing her work can realize that digital production goes beyond algorithmic images but the artist has to put in a lot of creativity in balancing the different phenomena so that the final product is remarkable. Both her works show the deep inspiration of an artist expressing herself to the world. Works of art should not only be by impulse or the desire of an artist to be busy.

Psychological Approaches to Tackling Hate Crime Research Paper

Psychological Approaches to Tackling Hate Crime - Research Paper Example Such crimes are rooted in the prejudices of the people of every community, against the other communities. If the prejudice is uprooted, hate crimes will definitely be eliminated. Such a step can only be taken through psychological interventions at the personal and community level. Therefore, this paper evaluates hate crimes from the psychological perspective and recommends interventions that may prove helpful in eliminating the menace of hate crimes. Keywords: hate crime, race, sexual orientation, religion, community, psychology, contact theory, scapegoat theory, in-group, out-group Psychological Approaches to Tackling Hate Crime What Psychological Approaches, if any, are Effective at Tackling Hate Crime? Introduction: The motive behind most crimes is either materialistic gain, as in the case of thefts and robberies or pleasure, as in the case of sex offences. However, hate crimes seem to be perpetrated out of no such motives. According to the Association of Chief Police Officers, UK , hate crime is defined as â€Å"any criminal offence which is perceived, by the victim or any other person, to be motivated by a hostility or prejudice based on a person’s race, religion, sexual orientation or disability† (Home office).   In order to tackle hate crimes, many argue that the current laws and regulations should be amended and the penalties and punishments should be multiplied. On a personal level, I am of the opinion that mere alteration of laws and an increase in penalties would only be a â€Å"plaster and band-aid† solution to the problem at hand.  

The Psychological Effect Of Branding In High Fashion Marketing Essay

The Psychological Effect Of Branding In High Fashion Marketing Essay The American Marketing Association (AMA) defines a brand as a name, term, sign, symbol or design, or a combination of them intended to identify the goods and services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of others sellers.(Kotlers and Keller,2006). So branding is a key aspect of marketing a product. Wheeler explains that brand is created in consumers minds, he states that it gives a promise, the reputation and an expectation about the product and the brand its-self, when these factors are managed properly it results in increased awareness and brand loyality(Wheeler,2003) appart from that, branding helps to convey the market position of the brand to potential customers. Branding in fashion industry is to be concentrated in this paper, as clothing/ fashion industry is one of the most growing industries (reffer to appendix 1). According to Verdict reports, The global market for luxury brands has grown rapidly over the past two decades. Estimated to be worth $263billion in 2007 which represents a 31% increase over the past five years, predictions indicate a 71% growth over the next five years, largely fueled by high demand from emerging economies (Verdict, 2007 in Caroline Tynan et al 2009). Fashion shopping is a personal element of consumer culture, it has become a popular leisure activity (Campbell, 1987). Aron OCass(2002) states that there is no single factor that dominates the morden popular cultural psyche as much as fashion. Apart from this, fashion is a significant way of identity portrayal (Crane, 2000; Wilson, 1990). The expression of personality and individuality with the use of cloths is not a new phenomenon, it was used to represent social class and profession as early as the beginning of civilastion. However, the nature of the modern fashion prospect is such that identities can be created and recreated as fast as posible than ever before (Popp, 2000). Commentators characterise this phenomenon as fast fashion. Similar to the fast food revolution, fast fashion entails rapid change in garment styles some garments having a fashion life of only weeks rather than months or years (Jackson and Shaw, 2001). With the help of celebrity and gossip magazines and media p ower there has been a formation of a culture in which the indecisiveness of fashion has brought to a quite fanatical speed,(Ingrid Jeacle.2009). If a popular celebrity is seen in a particular costume a new fashion trend is born, and then the high street store have to reproduce that look as fast as possible before the competition. (Rosenau and Wilson, 2001). This ability to react to the change as fast as posible is known as quick response (Ingrid Jeacle.2009,Abernathy et al., 1999). This huge clothing, industries total main media advertising expenditure amounted to  £56.7m in the year ending March 2009.(Key Notes, 2009 Clothing Retailing 2009). So a study on how brand is used in this industry and the importance consumers give it, in different aspect would be usful for the industry. The following research aims are set, which is undertaken in this study: To establish a relationship between consumer psychology and brand To analyse brand experience and customer satisfaction To analyse factors affecting brand choice Literature Review What is branding? Branding is the main focal point of this study, it would be appropriate to look into what a brand signifies. There are many definitions given to branding by many scholars as it is one of the basic consistencies of marketing. Branding in simple words could be defined as information that a provider of products or services communicates about the value of its offerings to establish trust and build loyalty among its customers. Brand messages differentiate in the marketplace, acting as a filter for making choices. Brand communicates: If you use my product/service, you will get X level and kind of value. For product and service providers, brand is critical because it helps develop loyalty among the customer base and creates opportunities for cross-selling and for deeper sales within a product/service category. Consumers make decisions about products and distinguish among multiple offerings based partly on brand.Anon(2002). According to Chernatony (2006) there are a variety of interpretations for branding and they are based on three categories, Input-based: stressing branding as a particular way of managers directing resources to influence customers, Output- based : consumers interpretations and considerations of the way brands enable consumers to achieve more, and Time-based : recognising their evolutionary nature. A brand is an identifiable product, service, person or a place, augmented in such a way that the buyer or user perceives relevant, unique, sustainable added values which match their needs most closely(Chernatony and McDonald,2003). Similarly (Miller, 2005) states that brand are name, which has a visual expression, like a symbol, a design, a trademark, a logo. He also argues that a brand is directly used to sell products or services. Like these definitions The American Marketing Association (Kotler and Keller, 2006) defines branding as A brand is name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a comb ination of them, indented to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors All these definition by scholars have shown the importance of branding in an organisation or a product. Branding is complex and it is different products offered with different attributes. How ever the successfulness of a brand could be decided ultimately consumers mindsets, it exists largely by virtue of a constant co-ordinated activities across an organisation apprehensive with delivering a group of values are interpreted and internalised by consumers. The decision making tendency of a potential customer will be affected by the culture and sociological nature of the individual. Culture and sociological factors affecting decision making process Roth (1995) states that, Consumers shopping motives are known to be influenced by cultures, social values and socioeconomic conditions of the market. In an increasingly globalised business atmosphere, it is essential that marketing managers study about differences in consumer decision making with regards to culture. The success of an organisation in a culturally different market place may be largely affected by how well the decision makers grasp the consumers buying behaviours, and how well they are able to incorporate such understanding into their marketing plan and strategies.'(C. Leo et al 2005). Consumer decision making style refers to the mental orientation or approach a consumer has towards making choices (C. Leo et al 2005). Though, consumer decision making style represents a comparatively regular prototype of cognitive and affective responses (Bennett Kassarjian, 1972) national culture has been proven to impact considerably on personal values and attitudes (Hofstede, 1980), thus, culture is expected to encompass significant influence on consumer choice. Fashion industry is a very complicated industry, it is handled differ ently in different parts of the globe, especially in the east and the west. There is evidence of cultural differences in consumer decision making styles for fashion industry in the Chinese and other cultures.(Fan Xiao, 1998; Hiu, Siu, Wang Chang, 2001; Lysonski, Durvasula Zotos, 1996).according to Byoungho, J(2003)Shopping motives may be a function of cultural, economic or social environments. As it is this factor, that drives the attitude that brings consumers to stores, consumers valuation of a stores attributes and successive shopping results, for instance shopping satisfaction, must be different according to their shopping motives (Groeppel-Klein et al., 1999; Van Kenhove et al., 1999) thus in countries which has diverse cultures, tastes, and living habits, international service companies require to be conscious of and adaptive to local requirements (Hofstede, 1980; Prahalad and Doz, 1987). Mc Donald would be a good example of this. Veena Chattaraman, Sharron J. Lennon. (2008) research states, that strength of ethnic identification was an important in determining cultural apparel useage and attributes of emotions and meanings to the consumption. De Mooij (2000) says, Although there is evidence of convergence of economic systems, there is no evidence of convergence of peoples value systems. Cultural and social assumptions trigger our opinion, thoughts and judgment (Hoppe, 2004) this is a great factor in our decision making process. Culture points out the forceful practice that takes place within any perticular society grouping and this helps initiate the cognitive map of beliefs, values, meaning and attitudes that drive perception, thoughts, reasoning, actions, responses and interactions (Tung, 1995) Hofstedes seminal typology of cultural dimensions was first announced in 1980 and still leads in the research topic for management and marketing researchers (Furrer, Liu Sudharshan, 2000;M.H Bond,2002). It characterised culture with five dimensions: (1) Power distance (a tolerance for class differentials in society). (2) Individualism (the degree to which welfare of the individual is valued more than the group). (3) Masculinity (achievement orientation, competition, and materialism). (4) Uncertainty avoidance (intolerance of risk; and later). (5) The Confucian dynamic or long-term orientation (stability, thrift, respect for tradition and the future).( Hofstede and Bond, 1988 in Jhon C et al 2000). However many schloars debate that Hofsted model, is used to stereotype.(M.H Bond. 2002). Appart from the cultural factors scoial infuvence is also very important in the marketing of luxury products or high street fashion goods, according to Bagwell and Bernheim, luxury products marketing is related to conspicuous consumption or status superiority signaling (Bagwell and Bernheim, 1996). Erdem et al. (1999) study established that social status was the most imperative brand or store attribute to clothing or fashion shoppers and emphasized so as to brand or store image fashioned through the brand or store attributes significant to shoppers should be coordinated to individuals values to achieve need or motive satisfaction. The studies recommended that the significance of the brand attributes might differ depending on the purpose of shoping. Ian Phaus research states that, status seeking teenagers have an positive apporach to internatinal luxury brand apparel.( Ian Phau, Yip Siew Leng.2008). (Baudrillard 1988, in Ingrid Jeacle. 2009) analyzes spending practices in terms of the conception of signifying practices. Merchandise act as signs, he argues, and thus their buying the goods is not necessarily to apply any financial need, but rather to communicate status to pear group or other consumers. Bourdieu (1984) has also projected a hypothesis to describe the spending of cul tural capital, such as privileged edification. Social status has been seen to survive superior by most consumption practices, they are infused with the symbolism of experience which expedites distinctions farther made between consumers. Psychological effect Psychological effect is one of the most important factors affecting decision making while selecting a brand or a fashion item like clothing or accessories. The consumers develop better association and links with the brands that they are more familiar with (Hoeffler and Keller, 2003). This aspect is very important to marking managers as in the case of luxury goods people may pay more for the particular product than what they pay for similar products in department stores or other ordinary stores. The sales of luxury goods improve as growing passion for quality and stylish goods set a market segment. The number of people with a passion for fashion is continuously growing, in the competitive world people who are willing to pay more for goods which are produced in limited quantities (H.Elizabeth 2010). Owning limited quantities of higher-priced merchandise make many people feel social and confident. Consumers often evaluate imported goods differently than they do identical domestic products (Herche, 1992). In the cases os brands like, Callaway golf or Victorias Secret products, customers are largely acknowaging to the emotional benefit provided by these luxury goods (Traci Warrington ,2004). Research mainly conducted in further developed countries, have shown that consumers have a common fondness for domestic-made merchandise over foreign merchandise, mostly when information about the product is lacking (Damanpour, 1993; Elliott and Camoron, 1994; Wall and Heslop,1989). The importation figure of apparel products, for instance, was found to have an impact on consumer perception of the quality of clothing brands. Cloths from developing country had the image of quality being significatly inferior. (Dickerson,1982; Morganosky and Lazarde, 1987 Cheng-Lu, et al. 2004). However, a reverse pattern of this effect was seen in less developed countries, where consumers may possibly have a liking for imported brands as contrasting to domestic brands (Agbonifoh and Elimimian, 1999; Li et al., 1997; Marcoux et al., 1997; Wang et al., 2000). there are several other factors that affect consumers perception, there hasent been huge amount of research in this area of business in the past ho w ever some researchers have indicated with the intention of consumers perceptions of brand attributes persuade perceptions of shopping costs and shopping satisfaction(Jiaxun He,2010; Ingene, 1984; May, 1989, Sherman et al., 1997). Ingene (1984) study reveled that a pleasant and enjoyable shopping ambience positively affected the shopping time and the amount of money that customers spend in a store, in addition to the sensation of shopping. Another study by May, (1989) explains that status/ prestige or the attractive displays of stores be able to lead consumers to forgo the time and effort necessary to go extra distance to more distant stores. These examples imply that consumers shop at the place where they can maximize their satisfaction effectively. And other researchers argue that ther are other factor that important in consumer perception, like price and energy (Kim and Kang, 1995) In other words, these studies recommend that perception of the cutomers shopping expenses is a dif ferent dimension that must be taken into thoughtfulness to recognize shoppers store selection process. Buying habits Buying habits, like all these factors, helps in marketing and targeting the market segment. Understanding the buying habits of potential consumers will help in branding and marketing, there are many scholars who have given importance to this subject area, (K.P Kaas, 1982; Caroline B. et al, 2009; P. Knowles, 2002). These researches help in improving the brand image and loyalty. Designer brands use these buying habits to personalise the services given to their regular customers, (in most cases they might be celebrities). In other words buying habits helps us to stereotype consumers and results in targeting only the potential customers, for example, Bruce in his paper states that, young and affluent shoppers who are the fashion stores core customers and fast-fashion chains such as Zara and HM target these customers. (E.Bruce, and Wing-Gar Cheng,2010) They also state, that most department stores in China and other countries devote most of their space to high-margin goods such as cosmeti cs, clothes, and shoes. Those items now account for 70% of sales at the top department stores (E.Bruce, and Wing-Gar Cheng, 2010) According to Sanguanpiyapan, Thitiporn, and Cynthia Jasper. (2010) customers shop for luxury goods where they shop is due to the functinal and nonfunctional shopping motives. According to their research the nonfunctinal motive is very important to analise why they shop where they do. Their research shows that the overall experince which they get from a store is very important in influvencing the customer decition as to where they go for the luxury goods. (Sanguanpiyapan, Thitiporn, and Cynthia Jasper, 2010). Costomers decisions concerning where to purchase or shop are based on their approach toward a stores products mix in addition to the shoppers personal inner orientations, such as motives, needs or values (Gentry and Burns, 1978, Finn and Louviere, 1996;). H. Brad(2010) also argues that the envoirnment is very important for sucsessful retailing, he says that the sles staff should be fully trainsd and knowlageble about the proucts that they sell and the attitude of thes staff is very important in customer satifaction and repeat business. According to Sproles and Kendall (1986,), a consumers decision-making patterns are a mental orientation characterizing a consumers approach to making choices. Their research identified eight mental characteristics describing a consumers decision-making style. The eight decision styles are: (1) Quality conscious; (2) Brand conscious; (3) Fashion conscious; (4) Recreational and hedonistic orientation; (5) Price conscious; (6) Impulsive and careless tendencies; (7) Confused by overchoice; and (8) Brand loyalty These eight factors illustrate the most common and basic psychological or mental characteristics of a potential customers decision making and these are directly related to the consumer choice and behaviour. This information is also necessary in identifying the target market, (i.e. the segments of consumers sharing similar attitudes to shopping ) (Lysonski et al., 1996). Since clothing is one of the most growing industry (it provide huge options) and these behaviours can be identified because of the huge choice available in this industry. The usual factors that one thinks of when selecting a dress or an accessory would be to evaluate the style, colour, brand, design, price and some people check the country of origin. These choice stlyes or behaviors are mostly appropriate to certain shopping attitudes of interest, such as brand conscious, fashion conscious,price conscious, and hedonistic orientation.from this, it is fascinating to see the connection among consumer decision-making styl es and the choice made.(Cheng-Lu, et al. 2004) Tauber (1972) hypothesizes six personal motives for shopping (i.e. role playing, diversion, learning about new trends, self-gratification, physical activity, and sensory stimulation) and five social motives (i.e. social experiences outside the home, communication with others who have a similar interest, peer group attraction, status and authority, and pleasure of bargaining) this was found with in-depth interviews. Taubers study will be very useful in studying the buying habits of consumers. Fashion leaders Fashion leaders are very influential in the decision making process. Most people are always looking forward to celebrities or famous people. Celebrities life style can be imitated by many people, especially by fashion conscious people. This phenomenon has been studied by very few researchers. In the 21st century the fashion world revolves around this phenomenon. If a popular celebrity is seen in a particular costume a new fashion trend is born, and then the high street store have to reproduce that look as fast as possible before the competition. (Rosenau and Wilson, 2001). Most high street fashion stores survive on reproducing the styles that celebrities set. This ability to react to the change as fast as posible is known as quick response (Ingrid Jeacle.2009,Abernathy et al., 1999). Apart from celeberies, fashion leaders can be a popular members of their peer group. Michon R, et al (2007) says that, the mall surrounding can be directly influences fashion leaders hedonic shopping experience and approach behaviour. Fashion followers hedonic shopping experience may be mood driven, while that of fashion leaders is triggered by higher involvement cognitive processing (Michon R, et al 2007). (Vernette E ,2004) Reveals that in womens fashion, especially magazines, a media plan targeted at opinion leaders can succeed, that these opinion leaders ten d to be positive towards and discuss advertising media and that they read more womens fashion magazines and have more affinities with such media than non-opinion leaders. Celebreties are used in advertisement of fashion goods because; in general they tend to be perceived as more attractive, competent, or honest when they are associated with specific branded products characterized by a prevalence of elements that remind perceivers of the corresponding credibility sub-dimension (Guido and Pelusos, 2006). (Kamins 1990) study found that, a highly attractive celebrity endorser is effective for attractiveness-related products. When advertising fashion goods selecting a brand ambassador is very important because they are looked as the face of the brand, they way the look is very important for these goods, apart from this their social life is also very important (Guido et al 2009). Because their social life can affect the image of the brand a good example for this would be Tiger woods, in 2010 when his personal life was under lime light, his personal image was portrayed in a negative format and thus many brands associated with him felt that these media images might affect the image of the brand. These influential people in the society are watched very keenly and some time people try to imitate them mainly the way they dress. Brand loyalty Doyle (1989) stated, that the most significant condition of brand success was connected with differential advantage and the stupendous reputation or image for quality, service, or reliability. This he believed will in turn create brand loyalty. Ehrenberg and Scriven, (1996) states that brand loyalty varies little from brand to brand. Some papers state that, cissessed in long term on the basis of a competitive advantage that competitors find difficult or complicated to copy or achieve and that consumers distinguish as highly desirable for example superior customer service or the brand image/attiude that create brand loyalty. (Cokayne 1991 and De Chematony and McDonald 1994) Loyal customers are the strength of the value of a brand as it is these customers who are least likely to defect and hence it will be these customers who will be going to buy the same brand for years to come (Hofmeyr and Rice, 2000). Isabel Buil,et al (2009)says that, Brand extensions with high fit receive more favorable consumer evaluations and decrease the negative feedback effects of extensions on parent brand equity. A brand can stimulate greater levels of the repeat purchase phenomenon among customers, especially the loyal ones (Miller, 2005). Customer loyalty has become something of a legend in marketing concepts and theories, which is based on the above assumption. Brand loyalty has largely been defined in terms of attitudinal terms or behavioural terms (Mellen et al,1996). The researchers generally consent to the point that Brand loyalty is a complex construct (Javalgi and Moberg, 1997) and claim wide acceptance to the definition brought forward in the first instance by Jacoby (1971). Thus the widely accepted definition for Brand Loyalty is that, it is biased (non-random) behavioural response (purchase) expressed over time by some decision-making unit with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of brands and is a function of psychological processes. At the same time the definition enjoys wide acceptance it is also noted that the few people would be classified as truly loyal when all the above stated criteria have to be complied with. As Wood (2004) observes that it is possible for consumers to buy a brand they dislike because it is the one that is readily available to them .Also states that it should not be assumed that behavioural loyalty involves feelings or positive cognitive process as antecedents. Thus Brand loyalty however is not the sole driver for the customers to stick to a particular brand. One of the investigations into the issue introduced a new paradigm of brand commitment. Hofmeyr and Rice (2000) argue that the key to brand profits is creating a committed customer base. They suggests that the customer purchasing decision is influenced by how committed they are to the brand, as even though the consumer may buy a particular brand repeatedly, this may be because the brand of their choice is not available to too expens ive. Hence points out that the brand attitude would be one of the deciding factors in loyal behaviour, there are other influential factors like distribution, market concentration and activities promoting the brand. It is very important for the brand owners to keep track and understand the variables that are the basis of loyalty , specially that of the loyalty behaviour for the brands due to various reasons. Today, traditional consumer life-stages are fragmenting , the social and economic changes raging from fractured career paths, redundancy , increasing in single, separated, widowers and divorcee group etc all of it disrupts the traditional pattern(Kottler and Keller,2006). ). Studies have shown that consumer buying behaviour is habitual, habit have also been hard to break, and looked on as safe and familiar (Bandyopadhyay,Gupta and Dube,2005). Therefore, if the competitor brand is to inspire loyalty and break an old habit, it would be a real success in marketing and brand management. A recent research on the importance of the nature of brand loyalty, argued that the relation between brand loyalty and size of the brand is inversely proportional(Bandyopadhyay,Gupta and Dube,2005). Smaller bran ds attract fewer customers than large brands, and customers opt for larger brands far more frequently, this double disadvantage of the less popular brands is termed by many experts as double jeopardy (Bandyopadhyay,Gupta and Dube,2005). A study shows that business lose between 15 % to 20% of customers a year, and retention of 80 % means that customers on average , remain loyal only for 5 years and improving retention to 90% leads to the average life of a customer doubling to ten years (Boone and Kurtz,2006). There have been several other studies which seem to corroborate the fact that brand loyalty is a highly desirable phenomenon to any marketing initiative. Customer loyalty and building long -term relationships is vital; as more saturated the market, the more difficult and expensive it is to win new customers and more the existing customers are.It goes to the extend that the increasing focus of marketers on retention of exsisting customers and less on attracting new ones(Verhoef,2003). One of the widely quoted studies in most of the literature was a research conducted by Bain and Co, which came up with a simple equation suggesting that the cost of winning a new customer would be five times as high as the cost of retaining an old one (Reichheld, 1996). This is a significant incentive for companies to invest in measures which help boost brand loyalty. The same paper also gave out a statistic suggesting that a minor control on the rate at which the customers defect form the companies bran d can have a significant impact on the overall profitability i.e. a cut of 10-15% can boost the profitability by over 60% (Reichheld, 1996). There is however little doubt about the role of brand loyalty in building the strength of a brand and adding value to the business. Specified below are some of reasons which emphasize the implications of building the emotional relationship with the customer in terms of brand loyalty (Miller, 2005)- Cost: The costs of attaining new customers are condensed to a great degree Distributors e.g. retailers are happier to stock brands with high loyalty Highly loyal customers tend to become brand advocates to family, friends and colleagues and thus act as ambassadors of the brand and bring in new customers A loyal customer foundation acts as a breathing space for companies a kind when faced with market changes Brand loyalty has thus a important role in defining brand equity and brand valuation. Brand image and brand attitude significant research efforts has been concentrated on identifying important brand or store attributes that constitute brand or store image which influence consumers store choice and benefaction (Dickerson and Albaum, 1977; Hansen and Deutscher, 1977-1978; Lindquist, 1975). Erdem et al. (1999) studed the nine dimensions of Lindquist (1975) and developed an evolved three key store attributes for clothing shopping: (1) Status; (2) Merchandise; and (3) Price. Apart from this approach, Westbrook and Black (1985) also hypothesized three categories of shopping motives: (1) Product-oriented; (2) Experiential; and (3) A combination of product and experiential. Accordind to Parks and his teams study, brand images or advertisements based on an perceptive of consumer motives/needs have been viewed as an efficient way to converse product benefits (Park et al., 1986; Jiaxun He, 2010). Doyle (1989) revealed that the most essential principle of brand success combined with the degree of difference advantage was exceptional reputation or image for quality, reliability or service. This, he was convinced that this, enabled successful brands to accomplish numerous additional criteria, for instance seize higher prices than less successful brands. However some researcher argue that the success of a brand depends on factores like market share, shareholders equity and profitability (Innscher1993, , Gale 1987, Hansen, Gronhaug and Wameryd, 1990 and wilson 1978). (Dall Olmo Riley et al., 1997) have recognized strong correlations involving a brands market share and consumer attitudes towards it. But according to Pitta and Katsanis (1995), successful brands w ere the brands with a strong image or personality, when consumers perceived specific attributes as being strongly associated with particular brands. Keller (1993) describes, that the brand associations needed to be congment because the favourability and strength a brand association could be influenced by other brand associations. De Ghematony and McDonald (1994) in their study highlights the importance of added values as a main feature of successful brands. De Ghematony and McDonald (1994) also mentioned that, it was perceived effect, other than the actual quality that accounted and that this effect was assessed by consumers in camparison to other brands. These consumer-based achievement criteria are influential to business-based measures of achievement, such as the consistent stream of future income and the superior eamings that originate from high market shares, premium pricing and from the ability to resist pressure from the trade for discounts. (De Chernatony et al,1998). Joachimsthaler and Aaker (1997) explains that visibility have to be joined with clear brand identity, so that those conniving and implementing the communications channels do not accidentally send confusing or conflicting messages to consumers. Stephens et al. (1996) states, that a long-term good relationship with the consumer is very important in creating of successful brands image. With the creation of a high brand image and brand attitude, brand will be able to originate to premium pricing, high market shares, and from the ability to oppose pressure from the business for discounts. (Gokayne 1991)